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Questions and Answers
Which type of transport is characterized by moving substances from a high concentration to a low concentration without the use of energy?
Which type of transport is characterized by moving substances from a high concentration to a low concentration without the use of energy?
Which of the following processes involves the uptake of large dissolved molecules?
Which of the following processes involves the uptake of large dissolved molecules?
What distinguishes striated muscle from other muscle types?
What distinguishes striated muscle from other muscle types?
What role does Troponin play in muscle contraction?
What role does Troponin play in muscle contraction?
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What type of tissue is primarily responsible for protection and absorption?
What type of tissue is primarily responsible for protection and absorption?
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What is a key characteristic of facilitated diffusion?
What is a key characteristic of facilitated diffusion?
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In which type of muscle tissue would you find branched fibers?
In which type of muscle tissue would you find branched fibers?
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Which process is specifically used by cells to take up cholesterol from the blood?
Which process is specifically used by cells to take up cholesterol from the blood?
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What happens to Z-lines during muscle contraction?
What happens to Z-lines during muscle contraction?
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What type of epithelium contains goblet cells for mucous secretion?
What type of epithelium contains goblet cells for mucous secretion?
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What is required for substances to move against their concentration gradient?
What is required for substances to move against their concentration gradient?
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Which type of muscular tissue is characterized as involuntary and striated?
Which type of muscular tissue is characterized as involuntary and striated?
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During muscle contraction, what happens to the sarcomere?
During muscle contraction, what happens to the sarcomere?
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What is the process by which human white blood cells engulf bacteria?
What is the process by which human white blood cells engulf bacteria?
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What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
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Study Notes
Passive Transport
- Does not require energy (ATP)
- Moves substances from a high concentration to a low concentration
- Types of Passive Transport:
- Diffusion: Movement of gases or salts from high to low concentration
- Osmosis: Movement of water from high to low concentration across semi-permeable membranes
- Facilitated Diffusion: Movement of substances from high to low concentration through protein channels in cell membranes
Active Transport
- Requires energy (ATP)
- Moves substances from a low concentration to a high concentration (against concentration gradient)
- Examples:
- Glucose
- Iodine
- Sodium/Potassium pump
Exocytosis
- Active release of molecules from a cell
Endocytosis
- Uptake of substances into a cell
- Types of Endocytosis:
- Pinocytosis: (Cell Drinking) Uptake of large, dissolved molecules
- Phagocytosis: Engulfing of large particles, e.g., white blood cells engulfing bacteria
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis: Specific uptake of substances using receptors on the cell membrane; cholesterol uptake in body cells is an example
Epithelial Tissue
- Function: Protection, absorption, secretion, sensation
- Locations:
- Epidermis of skin
- Columnar epithelium (contains goblet cells that secrete mucus)
- Ciliated epithelium (sweeps out bacteria and dust from nasal cavity)
Muscular Tissue
- Function: Contraction and movement
- Types of Muscular Tissue:
- Unstriated (Smooth Muscle): Involuntary, found in the digestive system
- Cardiac (Heart Muscle): Involuntary, branched, found only in the heart
- Striated (Skeletal Muscle): Voluntary, attached to bones
Muscle Contraction
-
Process:
- Calcium (Ca++) leaves Troponin
- Muscle loses ATP, causing Actin to leave Myosin
-
Key Structures:
- Myocyte: Muscle cell
- Myofibril (Sarcomere): Muscle fibers composed of proteins
- Actin: Thin filament in sarcomere
- Myosin: Thick filament in sarcomere
- Z-Line (disc): Borders that separate and link sarcomeres
- Muscle Contraction: Sarcomeres shorten, and Z-lines move closer together
Passive Transport
- Does not require ATP or energy
- Movement from high concentration to low concentration
- Types:
- Diffusion: Gases or salts move from high to low concentration
- Osmosis: Water moves from high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane
- Facilitated Diffusion: Salts move from high to low concentration through protein channels present in neuron cell membranes
Active Transport
- Occurs from low concentration to high concentration (against the concentration gradient or electrical gradient)
- Requires ATP or energy
- Examples:
- Glucose
- Iodine
- Sodium/Potassium pump
Exocytosis
- Active release of molecules from a cell
- Types:
- Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking): Uptake of large, dissolved molecules
- Phagocytosis: Engulfing of large particles (e.g., human white blood cells engulfing bacteria)
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis: Enables a cell to take up large quantities of very specific substances. Extracellular substances bind to specific receptors on the cell membrane and are drawn into the cell into vesicles (e.g., how body cells take up cholesterol from the blood).
Epithelial Tissue
- Function: Protection, absorption, secretion, sensation
- Locations:
- Epidermis of skin
- Columnar epithelium (contains goblet cells that secrete mucus)
- Ciliated epithelium (sweeps out bacteria and dust from the nasal cavity)
Muscular Tissue
- Function: Contract and produce movement
- Types:
- Unstriated (Smooth muscle): Involuntary, found in the digestive system
- Cardiac (Heart muscle): Involuntary, branched, found in the heart
- Striated (Skeletal muscle): Voluntary, attached to bone
Muscle Contraction
- Ca++ leaves troponin, causing the muscle to lose ATP
- Actin leaves myosin, causing the muscle to contract
- Sarcomere (a structural unit of muscle) shortens, bringing Z-lines closer together
Muscle Structure
- Muscle cells (myocytes) are composed of muscle fibers (myofibril) or sarcomeres
- Sarcomeres consist of two proteins:
- Actin: Forms thin filaments
- Myosin: Forms thick filaments
- Z-line (disc): Borders that separate and link sarcomeres within a muscle
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Description
Explore the vital concepts of passive and active transport in cells with this quiz. Learn about diffusion, osmosis, and the processes of exocytosis and endocytosis. Test your understanding of how substances move across cell membranes and the energy requirements for these processes.
