Biology Chapter Overview

<p>Performing artwork (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps us respect all organisms and the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning how biologists develop their ideas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly absorbed and used to provide energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are very large molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are broken down into two monosaccharides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sucrose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benedict's test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benedict's test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cause other substances to be oxidized. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From one glycerol and three fatty acids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a source of dietary fiber. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are generally referred to as fats. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are broken down to provide energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optimum temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes denaturation of the enzyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases due to denaturation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a heat insulator. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condensation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It follows the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptide bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth and repair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is broken down into its individual amino acids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases significantly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each enzyme has a unique active site that only fits specific substrates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration of substrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind substrate molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes can denature at high temperatures and extreme pH levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is released in its original form and can be reused. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lock and Key hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be reused multiple times. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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The scientific study of living organisms.

Processes that are essential for an organism's survival. These include things like reproduction, growth, obtaining food, respiration, responding to stimuli, and excretion.

The ability of an organism to produce offspring.

The process of increasing in size and complexity.

The process by which organisms obtain the nutrients they need for survival.

The process of breaking down food to release energy.

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment. It helps organisms find food, escape danger, and maintain a stable internal environment.

The process of removing waste products from the body. It helps maintain a stable internal environment.

A process where complex carbohydrates are broken down into simpler sugars, like glucose, for absorption by the body.

A type of carbohydrate that can be easily broken down into glucose for quick energy release.

A test to identify the presence of simple sugars (reducing sugars) in a sample by reacting with Benedict's reagent.

A test to identify the presence of starch in a sample by reacting with iodine solution.

A type of lipid formed from one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.

Solid triglycerides at room temperature, primarily found in animal sources.

Liquid triglycerides at room temperature, primarily found in plant sources.

A type of tissue that stores fat in the body, providing energy reserves and insulation.

Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a general formula of (CH2O)n. They are essential for energy production, structure, and various metabolic functions.

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates. They are single sugar units that cannot be broken down further. Examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides combine through a condensation reaction. They are double sugar units. Examples include sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and maltose (malt sugar).

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates formed by the joining of many monosaccharide units. They are large, often insoluble, and serve as energy storage or structural components. Examples include starch (plant storage), glycogen (animal storage), and cellulose (plant structure).

Hydrolysis is the process of breaking down polysaccharides into smaller units by adding a water molecule.

Condensation is the process by which monosaccharides join together to form disaccharides or polysaccharides, releasing a water molecule.

Glucose is a six-carbon monosaccharide that is the primary energy source for most living organisms. It is produced by plants during photosynthesis and is broken down during cellular respiration.

Starch is a polysaccharide that serves as the primary energy storage form in plants. It is abundant in foods like potatoes, rice, and bread.

The specific region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind.

A molecule that an enzyme acts upon, fitting into the active site and being transformed into a product.

A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its specific substrate.

The process by which an enzyme lowers the activation energy of a reaction, speeding it up.

The property of an enzyme to specifically bind to and catalyze a particular reaction involving only one type of substrate or a small group of related substrates.

High temperatures can denature enzymes, altering their shape and rendering them inactive.

Extreme pH levels can denature enzymes, altering their shape and function.

Enzymes can be used multiple times, catalyzing many reactions without being consumed themselves.

A type of fat that is found under the skin and helps insulate the body, reducing heat loss.

A type of lipid that is a key component of cell membranes. It helps create a boundary between the inside and outside of a cell.

A test used to detect the presence of lipids in food.

The building blocks of proteins. They are organic molecules with a unique side chain, which gives each amino acid its distinct properties.

The chemical bond formed when two amino acids join together.

A chain of many amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

A large, complex molecule made up of one or more polypeptide chains folded into a specific 3-dimensional shape. This unique shape determines the protein's function.

Amino acids that the body cannot produce itself and must be obtained from food.

The temperature at which an enzyme's activity is highest. Each enzyme has its own optimal temperature.

A process that occurs when an enzyme's shape is altered by high temperatures, making it unable to bind to its substrate. The enzyme loses its function.

The pH at which an enzyme works most efficiently. Each enzyme type has an ideal pH.

Substances that reduce the activity of an enzyme. They can bind to the enzyme, preventing it from working properly.

A specific type of enzyme inhibitor that directly binds to the active site of the enzyme, preventing the substrate from attaching.