Biology Chapter: Organisation of Living Beings

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Facilitates the movement of materials within the cell

Stores genetic material

Controls the entry and exit of substances (correct)

Provides structural support to the cell

Which structure is responsible for energy production in the cell?

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosome

Mitochondria (correct)

Vacuole

What is unique about the cell wall compared to other cell structures?

It is flexible and allows for cell movement

It is made up of cellulose and provides rigidity (correct)

It contains enzymes for digestion

It is found in both plant and animal cells

What role does the Golgi apparatus play in cellular function?

Packages and transports materials within the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes lysosomes?

They help in digesting materials and can digest the entire cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the vinegar and blue dye in the egg activity?

To enhance visibility of cellular structures Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the egg is analogous to the cell nucleus?

Egg yolk Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT a postulate of the cell theory?

Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cell membrane play in a cell's structure?

It is the living part that controls entry and exit of substances. Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with coining the cell theory?

Theodor Schwann Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell during cell division?

It duplicates its organelles and divides. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cell wall compared to the cell membrane?

The cell wall is non-living and provides structure, while the membrane is living and regulates substances. Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is primarily found in the cytoplasm of a cell?

Protoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

Synthesis of ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as the control center of the cell?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chromatin during cell division?

It opens up to form chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which component is primarily responsible for the movement of substances in and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is known for its role in energy production?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi body within the cell?

Packaging and sorting cellular materials Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is characterized as the recycling center of the cell?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

What fills the nucleus and serves as the medium for the nuclear components?

Nucleoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

They facilitate food production from inorganic materials. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about leucoplasts is true?

They are involved in food storage within plant cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell in the human body does not contain a nucleus?

Red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates sperm cells from ovum cells?

Sperm cells have a tail that aids in movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the function of WBCs in the human body?

They can change shape to ingest pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of muscle cells?

They are elongated with multiple nuclei. Signup and view all the answers

Which organelles are classified as exclusive to plant cells?

Plastids Signup and view all the answers

What role do chromoplasts play in plants?

Coloration of flowers and fruits Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the cell wall found in plant cells?

It is rigid and made of cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell in humans is specifically designed for rapid movement?

Sperm cells Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Presence of a well-defined nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difference between plant and animal cells?

Animal cells lack a cell wall. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plastid is responsible for the color in various plants?

Chromoplasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of red blood cells in the human body?

Transporting oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is absent in animal cells but present in plant cells?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is characterized by its ability to change shape to engulf foreign particles?

White blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?

Maintaining turgor pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the order of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Molecule, Atom, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did Robert Hooke make to biology?

He named the term 'cell' after observing cork. Signup and view all the answers

What did Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden discover while discussing over coffee?

The similarities between plant and animal cells. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first to observe live cells, and in which year did this occur?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1674 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes an organ?

It is a group of tissues that work together for a specific task. Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component is considered the basic functional unit of all living organisms?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

What is known to be the largest single cell in existence?

Ostrich egg cell Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the term 'cell theory' formulated?

1838 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organisation of Living Beings

The human body functions like a machine, with organs working in harmony.
Life's organization begins at the atomic level, progressing to molecules, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Steps of Organization

Atom: Basic functional unit of living organisms.
Molecule: Formed from atoms; structural and functional units.
Cell: Basic unit where similar cells form tissues.
Tissue: Groups of similar cells that form an organ.
Organ: Collection of tissues working together.
Organ System: A group of organs functioning collectively to create an organism.

The Cell Theory

Introduced after advancements in microscopy.
Robert Hooke first identified cells in 1665 from cork.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed living cells in 1674.
Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden formulated the cell theory in 1838.

Cell Theory Postulates

All living things consist of one or more cells.
The cell is the smallest unit of structural organization.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells via division.

Structure of a Cell

Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable boundary controlling substance movement.
Cell Wall: Present only in plant cells, made of cellulose, providing shape.
Golgi Apparatus: Packaging and movement of cellular materials.
Mitochondria: Powerhouse, site for energy production through respiration.
Vacuole: Storage for excess water or food.
Lysosome: Digests materials; can break down the entire cell.

The Nucleus

Often termed the brain of the cell, dictates cell characteristics.
Surrounded by a nuclear membrane, filled with nucleoplasm.
Contains chromatin which forms chromosomes during division; genes reside here.

Cell Diversity

Cells vary in shape, size, and functions based on organism type.
Unicellular organisms: Examples include Amoeba, Euglena, and Paramecium.
Bacteria: Typically unicellular and lack a defined nucleus, termed prokaryotic.
Eukaryotic cells: Include both plant and animal cells, characterized by a defined nucleus.

Plant vs. Animal Cell Differences

Plant Cells:
- Contain a cell wall, large central vacuole, and plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts).
Animal Cells:
- Lacks cell wall, has smaller vacuoles, and contains centrioles.

Plastids in Plant Cells

Chloroplasts: Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis, termed the cell's food factory.
Chromoplasts: Provide color to flowers and fruits.
Leucoplasts: Colorless, function in food storage.

Specialized Human Cells

RBCs: No nucleus to maximize hemoglobin for oxygen transport.
Nerve Cells: Long projections (dendrites) for signal transmission.
Sperm Cells: Motile with a tail for reaching the egg.
Ovum: Large, static female reproductive cell.
WBCs: Capable of changing shape to ingest pathogens.
Muscle Cells: Elongated with multiple nuclei, enabling contraction and movement.

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Description

Explore the intricate systems that organize living beings, comparing them to machines. Understand how different organs work in harmony, akin to a well-oiled machine. This quiz delves into the fundamental unit of life and its essential components.