Biology Chapter: Organisation in Living Organisms

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Questions and Answers

Cells exhibit various structures, like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and ______, each with a specific function.

ribosomes

The ______ contains genetic material (DNA) that is crucial for cell functions.

nucleus

The immune system defends the body against ______ that cause disease.

pathogens

Multicellular organisms are complex, with cells organised into ______.

tissues Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria are known as the ______ of the cell, responsible for energy production.

powerhouses Signup and view all the answers

Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce ______ to particular pathogens.

immunity Signup and view all the answers

Specialized ______, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and blood cells, have adapted structures to perform specific tasks.

cells Signup and view all the answers

Some diseases can arise from a lack of a certain ______, leading to a metabolic problem.

enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes passive immunity from active immunity?

Active immunity is temporary, while passive immunity is long-lasting. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of vaccines in the immune response?

Vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of infection, what is the function of disinfectants?

To kill or inhibit pathogens on inanimate objects. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about antibiotics?

Antibiotics are effective against viruses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following responses is part of the body's defense systems against infection?

The inflammatory response. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the cell membrane?

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What process requires energy to move substances against a concentration gradient?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes stem cells?

They are undifferentiated cells capable of becoming various cell types. Signup and view all the answers

Which level of biological organization is primarily responsible for performing complex functions?

Organ systems Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity is characterized by a specific response to particular pathogens?

Specific immunity Signup and view all the answers

The immune system's non-specific immunity includes which of the following?

Inflammation and phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of specialized cells?

They can transform into any type of cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of tissues in the organization of living organisms?

To group similar cells to perform a particular function Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organisation in Living Organisms

Multicellular organisms are complex, with cells organised into tissues.
Groups of tissues form organs, which work together in organ systems.
Different organ systems cooperate to maintain the organism's homeostasis.
Examples include the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems.
Specialized cells perform specific functions within the organism facilitating efficient interactions.

Cell Structure and Function

Cells are the basic units of life.
Cells exhibit various structures, like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, each with a specific function.
The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves a cell.
The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA).
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for energy production.
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.
Plant cells are distinguished by having cell walls and chloroplasts.
Specialized cells, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and blood cells, have adapted structures to perform specific tasks.

Infection and Response

Pathogens cause disease by invading and damaging the host's tissues.
Examples of pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
The immune system defends the body against pathogens.
A primary function of the immune system is recognizing and destroying these pathogens through various mechanisms.
Non-specific defences like skin and enzymes provide a first line of defense.
Specific defences target particular pathogens through immune responses, including antibody production and cell-mediated immunity.
Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce immunity to particular pathogens without causing disease.
Infectious diseases can be transmitted directly or indirectly.
Some diseases are endemic, some epidemic, and some pandemic.
Understanding disease transmission and the use of antibiotics and other medicines against pathogens are important elements of public health.
Understanding the immune system and its complexity allows for the development of vaccines, antiviral medications, and therapies to combat infectious diseases.

Disease and Disorders

Diseases can be caused by various factors, e.g., genetic predisposition, lifestyle, environment or pathogens.
Some diseases can be inherited.
Some disorders arise from a lack of a certain enzyme, leading to a metabolic problem.
Lifestyle choices can also cause certain diseases (e.g., heart disease related to poor diet and lack of exercise).
Diagnosing and managing diseases involves a blend of medical knowledge, technology, and patient care.
Different types of diseases necessitate different approaches to both prevention and treatment.
Examples of diseases include cancers, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, and specific genetic disorders and syndromes.

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Description

Explore the intricate structures of multicellular organisms and the specific functions of various cell types. This quiz covers the organization of tissues, organs, and organ systems, emphasizing their roles in maintaining homeostasis. Additionally, it delves into the essential structures within cells and their functions.