Biology Chapter on Water and Circulation
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Questions and Answers

What property of water allows it to act as a solvent for many biological molecules?

  • Viscosity
  • Polarity (correct)
  • High specific heat capacity
  • Cohesion

    • Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules and other substances.

    False

    What role does water play in maintaining homeostasis in living organisms?

    Water minimizes temperature fluctuations, contributing to homeostasis.

    Water's ability to dissolve polar molecules and ions is essential for the transport of __________ throughout organisms.

    <p>nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of mass transport systems with their functions:

    <p>Network of vessels = Channels for substance movement Fluid medium = The medium for transporting substances Controlled direction = Ensures movement in one direction Maintenance of speed = Sustains movement via pressure gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of arteries?

    <p>Carry oxygenated blood to the body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Veins have a smaller lumen than arteries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure prevents the atrioventricular valves from turning inside out due to pressure?

    <p>Tendinous chords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium.

    <p>vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thromboplastin in blood clotting?

    <p>It activates prothrombin to thrombin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the heart chambers with their corresponding blood flow direction:

    <p>Right Atrium = To the lungs via the pulmonary artery Left Atrium = From the lungs via the pulmonary vein Right Ventricle = To the body via the aorta Left Ventricle = From the body via the vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A BMI value above 30 indicates an individual is underweight.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does BMI stand for?

    <p>Body Mass Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into __________.

    <p>insoluble fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following BMI values with their classifications:

    <p>Below 18 = Underweight 18 to 24.9 = Normal weight 25 to 29.9 = Overweight 30 and above = Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which monosaccharide is primarily used as the main substrate for respiration?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the cardiac cycle do the atria contract?

    <p>Atrial Systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disaccharides are formed by linking three monosaccharides together.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atherosclerosis leads to the widening of the arteries due to plaque buildup.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carbohydrate is glycogen classified as?

    <p>Polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ is formed by the condensation of glucose and fructose.

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during ventricular systole?

    <p>The ventricles contract and blood is pumped out into the aorta and pulmonary artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following carbohydrates with their definitions:

    <p>Monosaccharides = Simple sugar monomers Disaccharides = Two monosaccharides linked together Polysaccharides = Many monosaccharides linked together Glycogen = Energy storage molecule in animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In atherosclerosis, the endothelium damage is primarily caused by __________, smoking, and high blood pressure.

    <p>high cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following risk factors of atherosclerosis with their descriptions:

    <p>Genetic predisposition = Increases likelihood of high blood pressure High blood pressure = Damages endothelial lining Diet high in cholesterol = Contributes to plaque formation Age = Reduces artery elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lipid is typically found in animal fats?

    <p>Saturated Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unsaturated lipids contain carbon-carbon double bonds and are typically solid at room temperature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of polysaccharides that make up starch?

    <p>Amylose and Amylopectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids are _______ in water due to their non-polar nature.

    <p>insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following lipid characteristics with their descriptions:

    <p>High Energy Density = Stores more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins Waterproof = Fatty tails are hydrophobic Insoluble in Water = Prevents interference with water-based reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are triglycerides primarily used for in the body?

    <p>Energy reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered 'bad cholesterol'.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structural difference between phospholipids and triglycerides?

    <p>Phospholipids have one fatty acid replaced by a phosphate group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is primarily derived from __________ fats.

    <p>saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of lipoproteins with their functions:

    <p>HDL = Transports cholesterol to the liver LDL = Transports cholesterol from the liver to the blood Triglycerides = Energy reserves Cholesterol = Soluble lipid involved in membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications primarily reduces blood cholesterol levels?

    <p>Statins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beta blockers can potentially decrease the risk of developing diabetes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of diuretics?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aspirin is classified as a __________ inhibitor.

    <p>platelet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following antihypertensive medications with their effects:

    <p>Beta Blockers = Reduce heart contraction frequency and strength Diuretics = Increase urine volume to lower blood pressure ACE Inhibitors = Block conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II Nausea = Common side effect of diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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