Biology Chapter on Transcription and Translation

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

  • It attaches free-floating RNA nucleotides to DNA bases.
  • It forms covalent bonds between sugars and phosphates on the mRNA strand.
  • It breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA base pairs.
  • It guides transcription by reading the DNA code. (correct)

What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon?

  • A codon is a sequence of three mRNA nucleotides, while an anticodon is a sequence of three amino acids.
  • A codon is a sequence of three tRNA nucleotides, while an anticodon is a sequence of three mRNA nucleotides.
  • A codon is a sequence of three amino acids, while an anticodon is a sequence of three mRNA nucleotides.
  • A codon is a sequence of three mRNA nucleotides, while an anticodon is a sequence of three tRNA nucleotides. (correct)

Which of the following correctly describes the pairing of bases during transcription?

  • Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U), Thymine (T) pairs with Adenine (A), Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
  • Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U), Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). (correct)
  • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G), Uracil (U) pairs with Adenine (A).
  • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

<p>Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into protein. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?

<p>AUG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from DNA called?

<p>Transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bond that forms between amino acids to create a protein?

<p>Peptide bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

<p>DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Transcription

The process of making mRNA from DNA that occurs in the nucleus.

Translation

Using mRNA to synthesize proteins at the ribosomes.

mRNA

Messenger RNA, which carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

Codon

A sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anticodon

A sequence of three tRNA nucleotides that pairs with a codon on mRNA.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Start Codon

The codon (AUG) that signals the start of translation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stop Codons

Codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) that signal the end of protein synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Peptide Bond

The bond formed between amino acids during protein synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Protein Synthesis Overview

  • Protein synthesis is a two-part process: transcription and translation
  • The process ensures the correct protein is made from a DNA strand
  • Requires understanding of DNA and RNA
  • Location of transcription and translation are important
  • Steps of transcription and translation must be known

Transcription

  • Making mRNA from DNA
  • Occurs in the nucleus
  • DNA "unzips"
  • RNA polymerase breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs
  • Free-floating RNA nucleotides attach to DNA bases on one side of the DNA molecule
  • Covalent bonds form between sugars and phosphates on the mRNA strand
  • mRNA molecule is released, and DNA "zips" back up

RNA vs DNA

  • DNA contains thymine, RNA uses uracil instead
  • DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
  • DNA uses deoxyribose sugar, RNA uses ribose sugar
  • DNA stays in the nucleus, RNA moves between the nucleus and cytoplasm
  • DNA has one type, RNA has three types (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA)

Translation

  • Using mRNA to make proteins
  • Occurs at ribosomes
  • mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to a ribosome
  • Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA
  • tRNA bases (anticodons) pair with mRNA bases (codons)
  • Amino acids join together by a peptide bond to form a protein (polypeptide)

Translation - Important Terms

  • Proteins are made of amino acids
  • The order of bases in mRNA determines which amino acids are added
  • 3 mRNA nucleotides (or bases) code for a codon
  • 3 tRNA nucleotides (or bases) code for an anticodon
  • Three bases code for one amino acid
  • Anticodons are specific, each tRNA carries a specific amino acid
  • Start codon (AUG) = methionine - causes ribosomes to start translation
  • Stop codons (UAA, UAG, or UGA) = causes ribosomes to stop translation

RNA Importance

  • mRNA takes the code from DNA to the ribosome
  • tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins
  • Information is transferred from DNA to RNA to proteins (central dogma of molecular biology)

Additional Notes

  • A codon wheel can be used to determine the amino acid corresponding to a specific mRNA codon.
  • Study the diagrams for a visual representation of the processes.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Protein Synthesis Notes PDF

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser