Biology Chapter on Reproductive Hormones

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the mammalian corpus luteum?

To produce relaxin only

To produce estrogen only

To produce human chorionic gonadotropin

To produce progesterone (correct)

Which statement correctly describes gonadotropin activity in a normal pregnant female?

High level of hCG stimulates the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone. (correct)

High levels of FSH and LH facilitate implantation of the embryo.

High levels of FSH and LH stimulate the thickening of endometrium.

High level of hCG stimulates the thickening of endometrium.

Which statement regarding hormonal interaction is incorrect?

FSH stimulates Sertoli cells aiding in spermiogenesis.

LH triggers the secretion of androgens from Leydig cells.

FSH and LH gradually increase during the follicular phase. (correct)

LH is responsible for triggering ovulation.

What does the term 'capacitation' specifically refer to?

Changes in the sperm before fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence changes in GnRH pulse frequency in females?

Estrogen and progesterone. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hysterectomy?

Surgical removal of the uterus Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by granulosa cells in the ovary and inhibits FSH secretion?

Inhibin. Signup and view all the answers

During gametogenesis, which of the following cells is normally diploid?

Spermatogonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct pathway for the transport of sperm?

Rete testis → Efferent ductules → Epididymis → Vas deferens. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events is not associated with the initiation of parturition in humans?

Release of prolactin Signup and view all the answers

Ectopic pregnancies refer to which of the following?

Implantation of the embryo at a site other than the uterus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is produced by the placenta?

hCG. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of fertilization, which scenario is optimal for sperm and ovum transport?

Simultaneous transport of ovum and sperms to the ampullary isthmic junction. Signup and view all the answers

In human females, meiosis-II is not completed until?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the zona pellucida?

Sperm binding during fertilization. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following combinations of structures is correctly matched to their function?

Graafian follicle - hormone production. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mammalian Corpus Luteum

The primary function is the production of progesterone, crucial for maintaining pregnancy.

Gonadotropin Activity in Pregnant Females

High levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulate the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone, essential for embryo development.

Capacitation

Capacitation refers to changes in the sperm before fertilization, necessary for successful fertilization to occur.

Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the uterus.

Diploid Cells in Gametogenesis

Spermatogonia are the only diploid cells during gametogenesis, as they undergo division to form sperm.

Initiation of Parturition

Release of prolactin is not considered an important component in the initiation of parturition in humans. Key factors include prostaglandin synthesis, oxytocin release, and increased estrogen/progesterone ratio.

Ectopic Pregnancies

Ectopic pregnancies occur when the embryo implants at a site other than the uterus, posing serious health risks.

Ovulation Events in Human Females

A decrease in estradiol is not associated with ovulation; rather, an LH surge, full development of the Graafian follicle, and release of the secondary oocyte are key events.

Meiosis-II Completion

In human females, meiosis-II is not completed until fertilization takes place.

Acellular Layer in Antral Follicle

The zona pellucida represents the acellular layer in an antral follicle, providing protection and playing a role in fertilization.

Fertilization Feasibility

Fertilization occurs effectively when sperm are transported simultaneously with the ovum to the ampullary-isthmic junction of the fallopian tube.

Incorrect Statements Regarding Hormones

LH and FSH do not decrease gradually during the follicular phase, they are important for follicle development and ovulation.

GnRH Pulse Frequency Control

Changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency in females are controlled by circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone.

Inhibin Function

Inhibin is produced by granulosa cells in the ovary and mainly inhibits the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Hormones Produced by the Placenta

Several hormones, including hCG, hPL, estrogen, and progesterone, are produced by the placenta during pregnancy.

Pathway of Transport of Sperm

The correct pathways for sperm transport are Rete testis → Efferent ductules → Epididymis → Vas deferens.

Mons pubis corresponds to female external genitalia, antrum to Graafian follicle, trophectoderm to embryo formation, and nebenkern to sperm.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the role of mammalian corpus luteum and gonadotropin activity in pregnancy. This quiz covers essential concepts in reproductive biology, including hormone functions and their effects during pregnancy. Challenge yourself with questions designed to reinforce your understanding of reproductive physiology.