Biology Chapter on Plant Growth and Elements
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a major biological polymer?

  • Proteins
  • Water (correct)
  • Lipids
  • Carbohydrates

    • Atoms are considered the smallest unit of matter.

    True (A)

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in plants?

    Energy storage and structural support

    Most of an atom is ______ space.

    <p>empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their primary roles in plant growth:

    <p>Carbon = Component of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids Nitrogen = Essential for chlorophyll production and photosynthesis Phosphorus = Essential for energy transfer and nucleic acid formation Potassium = Important for water balance and enzyme activation Magnesium = Component of chlorophyll and involved in enzyme activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of sulfur for plants?

    <p>Anionic form of sulfur (SO42−) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitrogen is only essential for plant growth and not for animal growth.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chlorophyll in plants?

    <p>Chlorophyll enables plants to capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins make up the ______ materials of all living matters.

    <p>structural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a plant's structural components?

    <p>Nucleic acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their primary function in plants:

    <p>Nitrogen = Essential for protein synthesis and chlorophyll production Phosphorus = Vital for energy transfer and DNA/RNA structure Sulfur = Component of protein disulfide bonds and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sulfur-containing compounds in plants?

    <p>They act as signaling molecules in stress management and normal metabolic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the particles that surround the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all atoms present in biological molecules are made up of the six biogenic elements: C, H, O, N, S, and P?

    <p>98% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrons are heavier than protons.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxygen plays no role in cellular respiration.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which three primary elements do plants use in the largest amounts?

    <p>Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call the particle in the nucleus that has a positive charge?

    <p>Proton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The elements that constitute around 98% of all atoms in biological molecules are C, H, O, N, S, and _____ .

    <p>P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A molecule is formed when two or more ______ bond together.

    <p>atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is known as the most abundant element in the Earth's crust?

    <p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Atom = The smallest particle of a substance Molecule = A bonded group of two or more atoms Proton = A positively charged particle in the nucleus Electron = A negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their significance in biological processes:

    <p>Oxygen = Cellular respiration Hydrogen = Building sugars Carbon = Chemical bond formation Phosphorus = Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when attempts are made to separate smaller particles in an atom?

    <p>They require energy and create new particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitrogen is considered a biogenic element essential for plant growth.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecules can exist freely under ordinary conditions.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does hydrogen play in photosynthesis and respiration?

    <p>Aids in proton gradients and drives the electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a naturally occurring compound mentioned in the content.

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

    <p>Proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All fatty acids can be classified as either saturated or unsaturated.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of steroids?

    <p>Four fused carbon rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids help to store ______ and form ______ membranes.

    <p>energy, cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the biomolecule with its monomer:

    <p>Lipids = Fatty acids Proteins = Amino acids Nucleic Acids = Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?

    <p>Hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleic acids are composed of amino acid monomers.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do proteins play in plants?

    <p>Transportation of molecules and muscle movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ATP in plants?

    <p>Driving chemical reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monosaccharides are composed of more than one sugar unit.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four basic kinds of biological macromolecules?

    <p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose is an important __________ that is broken down during cellular respiration.

    <p>monosaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

    <p>Starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the biological macromolecules with their monomers:

    <p>Carbohydrates = Monosaccharides Proteins = Amino acids Nucleic acids = Nucleotides Lipids = Glycerol and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphorylation is the process of transferring high-energy phosphates to other molecules.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural polymers are used to build __________ in living organisms.

    <p>tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Atoms and Molecules

    • Atoms are the smallest units of matter
    • Atoms are mostly empty space, with a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons
    • Electrons orbit the nucleus, attracted by the electric force
    • Atoms form molecules through chemical bonds
    • Molecules are formed when two or more atoms bond
    • Molecules can be of the same or different elements
    • Molecules form compounds when multiple elements bond together
    • Water (H₂O) is a common compound, formed by bonding of hydrogen and oxygen atoms
    • Molecules are the smallest units of a compound or element, that are stable under normal conditions
    • Essential elements (the 28 ones that make up the human body) are involved in essential bodily functions

    Biological Polymers

    • Biological polymers are large molecules composed of repeating smaller units (monomers)
    • Four major types of biological polymers are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
    • Carbohydrates are composed of sugar monomers linked together, primarily used for energy storage
    • Lipids are typically composed of fatty acids and are involved in energy storage, insulation, and cellular structure
    • Proteins are composed of amino acids and play a vast array of roles (structure, storage, transport, defense, enzymes)
    • Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are composed of nucleotides and involved in storing and transmitting genetic information.

    Elements and Importance in Plants

    • Oxygen (O): Most abundant element in Earth's crust, important in respiration and photosynthesis
    • Hydrogen (H): Crucial in photosynthesis and respiration, part of many molecules essential for plant growth
    • Carbon (C): Forms the backbone of many biological molecules, including carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
    • Nitrogen (N): Essential in amino acid structure, therefore protein formation, critical for growth
    • Sulfur (S): Key component of amino acids and various enzymes, impacts plant growth and development
    • Phosphorus (P): Essential in energy transfer, forming vital components of DNA and RNA, important roles in plant metabolism.

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    Module 2: Atoms and Molecules - BIO122 (BOTANY) PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of major biological polymers, elements essential for plant growth, and the fundamental functions of carbohydrates and chlorophyll in plants. This quiz covers crucial concepts related to plant biology and molecular composition. Get ready to refine your knowledge of vital biogenic elements!

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