Biology Chapter on Physical Self and Environment

The Physical Self

• Defined by physical and environmental influences affecting health, nutrition, and hygiene.
• Biological blueprint includes physical features, competencies, beauty perceptions, and personal value of physical worth.
• Traits are specific genetic information inherited as the basic unit of heredity.
• Genotype constitutes the genetic makeup of an individual, defining traits such as blood type and eye color.
• Phenotype expresses traits through observable characteristics, behavior, and biochemical features.
• Each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, which store genes and determine hereditary traits.
• The 23rd pair are sex chromosomes that determine an individual's gender.
• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) provides the genetic instructions for biological development.

Environmental Conditions

• External factors and circumstances that influence an individual’s growth and behavior.
• Environmental conditions may include physical, biological, or chemical elements interacting with genetic factors.
• Example: A child's skin color can be influenced by the amount of sunlight exposure.

Self and Identity

• Self comprises both the "I" as the actor in life and "me" as the observed persona.
• Nature represents inherited genetic factors; for instance, curly hair may be inherited from a parent.
• Nurture includes environmental influences shaping behavior and personality; e.g., a peaceful home environment fostering kindness.
• Identity differentiates individuals or groups; for example, students identifying with their school community.
• The self reflects an individual’s true essence or personal identity, influenced by interests and passions.

Dimensionality of Self/Identity

• Self/identity can be defined by unique characteristics that distinguish one from others.
• Recognition arises from factors that help others identify an individual or their role within a community.

Factors Influencing Self and Identity

• Social Factors: Include significant influences from family, peers, culture, and role models.
• Environmental Factors: Physical surroundings impact everyday life; climate, pollution, and natural disasters are key influences.
• Hereditary Factors: Traits and characteristics passed down through generations, affecting health and physical attributes.
• Person-Volition Factors: Individual choices and decisions significantly shape behavior and future life outcomes.