Biology Chapter on Passive and Active Transport

Which transport mechanism involves the movement of solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without energy input?

What is the primary difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Which mechanism describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

In a hypertonic solution, what occurs at the cellular level?

What type of transport mechanism would glucose utilize to enter a cell against its concentration gradient?

Which of the following accurately describes filtration in the context of cell membrane transport?

Which statement about tonicity is correct?

Which is true regarding facilitated diffusion?

Passive Transport

Filtration (passive): Particles driven through a membrane by physical pressure.
- Example: Water and small solutes moving through capillary walls due to blood pressure.
Simple Diffusion (passive): Movement of solute particles from high to low concentration.
- No membrane proteins needed.
Facilitated Diffusion (passive): Movement of solutes through a membrane protein.
- Substances include large, uncharged polar molecules (like glucose), and charged polar molecules (like amino acids and ATP).
- Movement is down the concentration gradient.
- Requires a carrier protein.
Osmosis (passive): Net flow of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
- Water moves from high to low concentration.
- Crucial for IV fluids, as solutes that can't pass through the membrane will draw water towards them.
- Colored substances dispersed in water to illustrate the process.

Active Transport

Primary Active Transport: Directly uses ATP; uses proteins often called pumps to move substances across the membrane.
Secondary Active Transport: Uses ATP indirectly by depending on a concentration gradient or other substances to move across the membrane. -One substance naturally diffuses, another substance "hitsches a ride" (symporter/antiporter). Protein are co-transporters

Tonicity

Tonicity: Comparison of solute concentrations in two solutions.
- Hypotonic: Lower solute concentration than the cell (cell will swell)
- Isotonic: Equal solute concentration (normal cell shape)
- Hypertonic: Higher solute concentration than the cell (cell will shrink).

Explore the concepts of passive and active transport in biological systems. This quiz covers key mechanisms like filtration, diffusion, and osmosis, as well as the differences between passive and active transport. Test your understanding of how substances move across membranes and the role of concentration gradients.