Biology Chapter on Osmosis and Plants
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Questions and Answers

What term describes the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential?

  • Osmosis (correct)
  • Diffusion
  • Filtration
  • Evaporation

    • The potential of pure water is designated a water potential value of one.

    False (B)

    What term is used to describe a solution with less solute compared to another solution?

    Hypotonic

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Hypotonic = Less solute compared to another solution Isotonic = Equal solute concentration Hypertonic = More solute compared to another solution Osmosis = Movement of water across a membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the vacuoles in a leaf cell from the rose of Jericho after the addition of water?

    <p>They expand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells in a hypertonic solution will gain water.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Greek letter used to denote water potential?

    <p>ψ (psi)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water potential refers to the tendency of water molecules to ______ or leave solutions.

    <p>enter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the observed changes in the rose of Jericho upon the addition of water?

    <p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process causes the red blood cell to shrink in size when placed in a hypertonic solution?

    <p>Crenation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rose of Jericho can revive itself when placed in a dry environment.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of osmosis on plant cells?

    <p>Turgidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the RBC, causing it to _____ in size.

    <p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of solution with its effect on red blood cells:

    <p>Hypertonic = Crenation Hypotonic = Hemolysis Isotonic = No change Turgid = Plant cell support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is osmosis important for kidneys?

    <p>To maintain blood water potential (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osmosis can occur in both plant and animal cells.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential consequence of placing vegetables in a hypertonic solution?

    <p>They become limp or shriveled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The direction of water movement in osmosis is from areas of _____ concentration to areas of _____ concentration.

    <p>low, high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for leaf uncurling in plant cells?

    <p>Lack of water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Osmosis

    Movement of water molecules across a partially-permeable membrane.

    Hypertonic Solution

    A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

    Hypotonic Solution

    A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

    Isotonic Solution

    A solution with equal concentrations of solutes compared to another solution.

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    Crenation

    The shriveling of a cell due to loss of water in a hypertonic solution.

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    Turgidity

    The state of a plant cell when it is full of water and maintains structure.

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    Role of Osmosis in Plants

    Helps plants maintain upright posture by absorbing water.

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    Cell Water Potential Regulation

    The kidneys regulate blood water potential through osmosis.

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    Effects of Osmosis on Red Blood Cells

    RBCs either swell in hypotonic solution or shrink in hypertonic solution.

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    Importance of Osmosis

    Essential for maintaining cellular function in plants and animals.

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    Water Potential (ψ)

    The tendency of water to enter or leave solutions, measured in megapascals (MPa).

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    Hypertonic

    A solution with a higher concentration of solute compared to another solution.

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    Hypotonic

    A solution with a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution.

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    Isotonic

    A solution with equal solute concentration compared to another solution.

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    Cell Sap

    The liquid found in plant vacuoles, containing sugars and other solutes.

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    Effects of Osmosis on Plant Cells

    Osmosis causes vacuoles to expand, pushing cytoplasm against the cell wall.

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    Addition of Water to Rose of Jericho

    Leads to observable changes in cell structure due to osmosis.

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    Water Molecules Movement

    From areas of higher water potential to lower water potential.

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    Plant Observations

    Identifying characteristics to determine if plants are alive or dead.

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    Study Notes

    Observing Plants

    • Several plant types are displayed for observation, including a rose of Jericho plant and a bunch of dried roses.
    • Students are asked to consider characteristics of the plants and whether they are alive or dead.

    The Rose of Jericho

    • Activity involves watching a video (link provided) about the rose of Jericho.
    • The video likely demonstrates changes in the plant when water is added.
    • The activity asks students to explain observed changes after water is added to the plant.

    Osmosis

    • Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane.
    • Water molecules are represented by red circles, and solute molecules (e.g., sugar) are represented by purple circles.

    Water Potential

    • Water potential refers to the tendency of water molecules to enter or leave a solution through osmosis.
    • Water potential is denoted by the Greek letter ψ (psi) and measured in megapascals (MPa).
    • The water potential of pure water is zero.

    Comparing Water Potential

    • Terms like hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic describe solutions relative to another solution, based on their solute concentration and water potential.
    • Hypertonic solutions have a higher solute concentration and lower water potential than another solution.
    • Hypotonic solutions have a lower solute concentration and higher water potential than another solution.
    • Isotonic solutions have an equal solute concentration (and water potential) to another solution.

    The Rose of Jericho (Activity 2-3)

    • Activity focuses on the rose of Jericho.
    • Students are to use their knowledge of osmosis on plant cells to determine and explain the expected appearance (before and after water addition).

    Hypertonic, Isotonic, Hypotonic

    • The diagrams illustrate the effect of different solutions on plant cells
    • Cells placed in a hypertonic solution (higher solute concentration outside the cell) will lose water, resulting in plasmolysis (shrinking).
    • Cells placed in an isotonic solution (equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell) will maintain their normal shape and size.
    • Cells placed in a hypotonic solution (lower solute concentration outside the cell) will gain water, expanding until the cell is full (turgid).

    Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

    • Diagrams show how RBCs react to different solutions
    • In a hypertonic solution, RBCs lose water and shrink (crenate).
    • In an isotonic solution, RBCs maintain their shape.
    • In a hypotonic solution, RBCs gain water and swell (lyse).

    Importance of Osmosis

    • Osmosis is important for water uptake in plants (maintaining turgor pressure).
    • Osmosis is crucial for regulating blood water potential by the kidneys.
    • Further examples of osmosis in plants and animals may be considered in a think-pair-share activity.

    Limp Vegetables

    • The activity asks if limp vegetables should be thrown away immediately, suggesting that water can help restore them.

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    Osmosis: Plant Cell Movement (PDF)

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in biology including plant observations, specifically the characteristics of the rose of Jericho. Students will also learn about osmosis and water potential, enhancing their understanding of plant biology and water movement in cells. Engage with videos and activities to solidify your comprehension of these essential topics.

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