Biology Chapter on Nucleotides and RNA
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Questions and Answers

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

  • Nucleotides, deoxyribose sugar, amino acids
  • Phosphate, ribose sugar, nitrogen bases (correct)
  • Phosphate, glucose, nitrogen bases
  • Phosphate, ribose sugar, enzymes

What type of bond holds together the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

  • Covalent bonds
  • Ionic bonds
  • Hydrogen bonds (correct)
  • Hydrophobic interactions

What is the function of a ribosome in the cell?

  • To synthesize RNA from DNA
  • To transport proteins within the cell
  • To read mRNA and assemble amino acids into proteins (correct)
  • To replicate DNA

What is the role of introns in RNA?

<p>They are non-coding regions that are removed during RNA processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bases is found in RNA but not in DNA?

<p>Uracil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organism cannot make their own food?

<p>Heterotrophs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of assembling a protein on the basis of the information in an RNA molecule?

<p>Translation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that shuttles in nucleotides during DNA replication?

<p>DNA polymerase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nucleotide that is substituted for Thymine in an RNA molecule?

<p>Uracil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What molecule temporarily stores energy in cells?

<p>ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food.

Transcription

Copying an RNA molecule from a DNA molecule.

Translation

Assembling a protein using instructions from an RNA molecule.

DNA Replication

Copying a DNA molecule to create a new one.

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Base pairs

Nucleotides on opposite DNA strands bonded together.

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What does ATP release when it reacts with water?

When ATP (adenosine triphosphate) reacts with water, it loses a phosphate group and becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate), releasing energy in the process.

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What makes up nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids are long chains of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.

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What bonds hold DNA bases together?

The nitrogenous bases in DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds. These are weak bonds, but collectively, they hold the two strands of DNA together and contribute to the overall stability of the molecule.

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What's the difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA has deoxyribose sugar, is double-stranded, and uses thymine as a base. RNA has ribose sugar, is single-stranded, and uses uracil instead of thymine.

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What is transcription?

Transcription is the process of copying a DNA sequence into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. This mRNA molecule then carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome, where it will be translated into a protein.

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