Biology Chapter on Life Origins and Characteristics

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Questions and Answers

Which scientist is known for demonstrating that spontaneous generation does not exist through proper experimentation?

  • Redi
  • Spallanzani
  • Pasteur (correct)
  • Needham

Heterotrophs are organisms that make their own food.

False (B)

What term describes the ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions?

homeostasis

The process by which an organism becomes more complex over time is called ________.

<p>development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their corresponding definitions:

<p>autotroph = Definition: organism that makes its own food biogenesis = Definition: living organisms originate from other life unicellular = Definition: made of only one cell multicellular = Definition: made of more than one cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

<p>Ability to fly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asexual reproduction involves two parents.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two examples of multicellular organisms.

<p>Elephants, trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biogenesis

The process of living things arising from other living things. This means life does not spontaneously arise from non-living matter.

Abiogenesis

The process of life arising from non-living matter. This is considered to be false in today's scientific understanding.

Spontaneous Generation

A theory that states that living things can spontaneously form from non-living matter. This theory is now considered false.

Asexual Reproduction

The process of a single parent creating offspring that are genetically identical to themselves. This is common in organisms like plants.

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Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in a living organism. These conditions include things like temperature, water balance, and nutrient levels.

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Heterotroph

An organism that gets its energy by consuming other organisms.

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Autotroph

An organism that can make its own food. These organisms are the base of the food chain.

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Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism. These reactions include things like breaking down food for energy and building new cells.

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Study Notes

Matching

  • Redi: Conducted an experiment disproving spontaneous generation
  • Needham: Found organisms in heated broth supporting spontaneous generation
  • Spallanzani: Repeated Needham's experiment and found no new life appearing, contradicting spontaneous generation ideas
  • Pasteur: Further studied spontaneous generation using S-shaped flasks and disproved it
  • Water, space, food, air: Essential components for life
  • Autotroph: Organism making its own food
  • Multicellular: Organisms made of more than one cell
  • Metabolism: Chemical processes within an organism
  • Unicellular: Organisms made of a single cell
  • Biogenesis: Life comes from life
  • Abiogenesis: Life arising from non-living matter
  • Asexual reproduction: One parent creates genetically identical offspring
  • Heterotroph: Organism that eats other organisms for energy
  • Homeostasis: Maintained stable internal conditions (temperature, etc.)
  • Response: An action taken by an organism in reaction to a stimulus
  • Sexual reproduction: Two parents create genetically diverse offspring

Definitions

  • Made of only one cell: Unicellular
  • Made of more than one cell: Multicellular
  • Living organisms originating from non-living matter (NOT of live birth; NOT formed from life): Spontaneous generation (disproven)
  • Genetically identical offspring from one parent: Asexual reproduction
  • Organism making its own food: Autotroph
  • Stable internal conditions (temperature, waste, nutrients, water etc.): Homeostasis
  • Combined chemical processes in an organism: Metabolism
  • Organism in reaction to a stimulus: Response
  • Biogenesis scientist used S-shaped flask: Pasteur's method to disprove spontaneous generation
  • Microorganisms allowed in when the neck of the flask was broken: Pasteur's experiment design
  • Two parents creating genetically varied offspring: Sexual reproduction
  • Organism eating other organisms for energy: Heterotroph

Examples

  • Example of a classmate: (human)
  • Example of development: trees and mushrooms
  • Example of organisms: Bacteria, archaea, amoebas
  • Example of growth: a single cell, strawberry plant
  • Example of a heterotroph: a single cell from bacteria
  • Example of an autotroph: a plant that can produce its own food.
  • Examples of multicellular organisms: trees and mushrooms.
  • Examples of unicellular organisms: bacteria, archaea, amoebas

Characteristics of Life (5)

  • Cell: Basic structural unit
  • Senses: Ability to detect changes in the environment (stimulus)
  • Reproduction: Production of offspring to persist
  • Growth & development: Organism increases in size or complexity
  • Use of energy: Energy is used to function.

Stimulus and Response

  • Stimulus (dog): Heat from the sun
  • Response (dog): Moving to shade
  • Stimulus (squirrel): Being chased by a cat
  • Response (squirrel): Climbing a tree

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