Biology Chapter on Life Organization and Taxonomy

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Which level of organization involves cells not organized into tissues?

Cellular (correct)

Protoplasmic

Tissue-organ

Cell-tissue

All life functions within organisms at the cellular level occur within a single cell.

False (B)

What are the two main components of an organ, based on the content?

parenchyma and stroma

The aggregation of like cells forms a ______.

tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an organ system observed within animals?

Dermal (B) Signup and view all the answers

The digestive system only consists of the gastrointestinal tract.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their related system.

Salivary glands = Digestive System Lungs = Respiratory System Brain = Nervous System Bones = Skeletal System Signup and view all the answers

Organs work together as a ______ to perform a function.

system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic ranks from the broadest to the most specific?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (A) Signup and view all the answers

Homoplasy accurately reflects common ancestry between organisms.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is binomial nomenclature?

a system of naming species using two parts, the genus and the species epithet Signup and view all the answers

The study of evolutionary history and relationships among organisms is known as ______.

phylogeny Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Homology = Character similarity resulting from common ancestry Homoplasy = Non-homologous character similarity Phylogeny = History of the development of a species Cladistics = Modern phylogenetic systematics Signup and view all the answers

What is a cladogram?

A phylogenetic diagram based on cladistic analysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes what a character is when constructing a phylogeny?

A specific morphological or genetic feature of an organism (C) Signup and view all the answers

Outgroup comparison examines the polarity of a character state.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a synapomorphy?

A shared derived character Signup and view all the answers

Carolus Linnaeus developed the concept of phylogeny based on morphology.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Comparative _________ involves the study of gene and protein sequencing for phylogenetic information.

biochemistry Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the evolutionary convergence of similar features not due to common ancestry?

Homoplasy (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is specialized for the movement of organs?

Muscular tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

Simple squamous epithelia are composed of short, boxlike cells.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Cladistics = Evaluation of data for tree building and classification Cladogram = Phylogenetic diagram based on cladistic analysis Clade = A group of organisms sharing a common ancestor Polarity = Ancestral/descendent relationships of character states Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein that is a major component of connective tissue?

collagen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of phylogenetic information?

Comparative Geology (C) Signup and view all the answers

The two main types of cells in nervous tissue are neurons and ______.

neuroglia Signup and view all the answers

Clades can include some but not all members of a common descendancy.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the character used to determine the clade of lizards, monkeys, and bears in the example?

Amniotic egg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of stratified squamous epithelia?

Skin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Blood is an example of connective tissue.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of simple columnar epithelia?

absorption Signup and view all the answers

Match the following tissue types with their key functions:

Epithelial tissue = Protection and secretion Connective tissue = Binding and support Muscular tissue = Voluntary and involuntary movement Nervous tissue = Reception and conduction of stimuli and impulses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organism lacks a body cavity?

Acoelomate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Pseudocoelomates have a true coelom lined with peritoneum.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the body cavity found in coelomates?

coelom Signup and view all the answers

The region between the ectoderm and gut in acoelomates is occupied by ______.

parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Match the body cavity type to its characteristic:

Acoelomate = No body cavity Pseudocoelomate = Pseudocoel present, no peritoneum Coelomate = True coelom with peritoneum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes transitional epithelia?

Multi-layered but can stretch and flatten. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Interstitial fluid is found within cells.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of symmetry has no body axis and no plane of symmetry?

asymmetry Signup and view all the answers

Blood plasma is the fluid portion of blood that exists ______ cells.

outside Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of symmetry with their characteristics:

Asymmetry = No body axis or plane of symmetry Spherical symmetry = Body divided equally by any plane through the center Radial symmetry = Body divided equally by more than two planes through the longitudinal axis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals exhibits radial symmetry?

Sea Anemone (A) Signup and view all the answers

Loose connective tissue includes tendons, ligaments, and cartilage.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an animal with spherical symmetry?

No differentiation along an axis Signup and view all the answers

What does a cladogram represent?

A phylogenetic diagram based on cladistic analysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

An outgroup comparison helps determine the ancestral and descendent relationship of a character state.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a group of organisms that includes the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants?

clade Signup and view all the answers

The presence or absence of a vertebral column is an example of a character state used to determine relationships, and is known as a character's ______.

polarity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sources of phylogenetic information with their description:

Comparative morphology = Shape and sizes of organism structures, including developmental origins Comparative biochemistry = Gene and protein sequencing Comparative cytology = Numbers, shapes and sizes of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Comparative cytology can involve the study of both living and fossil material.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is determined via outgroup comparison?

The polarity of a character state (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are characteristics of coelomate organisms?

A body cavity completely lined with peritoneum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Nematodes are considered coelomates.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Organisms lacking a body cavity are referred to as what?

acoelomates Signup and view all the answers

Organisms with bilateral symmetry have a distinct ________.

head Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups exhibit bilateral symmetry most prominently?

Flatworms (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following animal groups with their respective body cavity types:

Annelids = Coelomate Nematodes = Pseudocoelomate Flatworms = Acoelomate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a coelom?

is derived from the blastocoel (D) Signup and view all the answers

Asymmetry is a type of body plan where there is a central axis, and any plane passing through it divides the body into mirror images.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is specialized to accommodate stretching and found in the urinary tract and bladder?

Transitional epithelium (A) Signup and view all the answers

The extracellular space refers to the fluid compartments within cells.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main fluid compartments found in multicellular animals?

Intracellular space and extracellular space Signup and view all the answers

The fluid portion of blood that exists outside cells is known as ______.

blood plasma Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'homoplasy' refer to in the context of phylogenetic analysis?

Character similarity not based on common ancestry (B) Signup and view all the answers

Binomial nomenclature assigns organisms a two-part name consisting of genus and species.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the hierarchical taxonomic framework used in animal classification?

Carolus Linnaeus Signup and view all the answers

The evolutionary history of a species or group of species is referred to as its ______.

phylogeny Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mandatory rank in the taxonomic hierarchy?

Variety (A) Signup and view all the answers

Cladistics relies solely on morphological traits to establish phylogenetic relationships.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'character' in the construction of a phylogeny?

Organismal features used to determine evolutionary relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the tissue-organ level of organization?

Aggregation of tissues into organs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

The organ-system level of organization consists of organs working independently.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of an organ system observed in animals.

Digestive system Signup and view all the answers

The three levels of organization that categorize a multicellular organism include cellular, tissue, and _______.

organ Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organ systems with their primary function:

Digestive = Breakdown of food and nutrient absorption Circulatory = Transport of blood and nutrients Respiratory = Exchange of gases Nervous = Control of body functions and responses Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the digestive system?

Heart (C) Signup and view all the answers

The protoplasmic level of organization is characterized by cellular aggregation into tissues.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of parenchyma in an organ?

Performing the chief function of the organ Signup and view all the answers

Biology Chapter on Life Organization and Taxonomy

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Questions and Answers

Which level of organization involves cells not organized into tissues?

All life functions within organisms at the cellular level occur within a single cell.

What are the two main components of an organ, based on the content?

The aggregation of like cells forms a ______.

Which of the following is NOT an organ system observed within animals?

The digestive system only consists of the gastrointestinal tract.

Match the following components with their related system.

Organs work together as a ______ to perform a function.

Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic ranks from the broadest to the most specific?

Homoplasy accurately reflects common ancestry between organisms.

What is binomial nomenclature?

The study of evolutionary history and relationships among organisms is known as ______.

Match the following terms with their definitions:

What is a cladogram?

Which of the following best describes what a character is when constructing a phylogeny?

Outgroup comparison examines the polarity of a character state.

What is a synapomorphy?

Carolus Linnaeus developed the concept of phylogeny based on morphology.

Comparative _________ involves the study of gene and protein sequencing for phylogenetic information.

Which of the following terms refers to the evolutionary convergence of similar features not due to common ancestry?

Which type of tissue is specialized for the movement of organs?

Simple squamous epithelia are composed of short, boxlike cells.

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

What is the protein that is a major component of connective tissue?

Which of the following is NOT a source of phylogenetic information?

The two main types of cells in nervous tissue are neurons and ______.

Clades can include some but not all members of a common descendancy.

What is the character used to determine the clade of lizards, monkeys, and bears in the example?

Which of the following is an example of stratified squamous epithelia?

Blood is an example of connective tissue.

What is a key function of simple columnar epithelia?

Match the following tissue types with their key functions:

Which type of organism lacks a body cavity?

Pseudocoelomates have a true coelom lined with peritoneum.

What is the name of the body cavity found in coelomates?

The region between the ectoderm and gut in acoelomates is occupied by ______.

Match the body cavity type to its characteristic:

Which of the following best describes transitional epithelia?

Interstitial fluid is found within cells.

What type of symmetry has no body axis and no plane of symmetry?

Blood plasma is the fluid portion of blood that exists ______ cells.

Match the following types of symmetry with their characteristics:

Which of the following animals exhibits radial symmetry?

Loose connective tissue includes tendons, ligaments, and cartilage.

What is a characteristic of an animal with spherical symmetry?

What does a cladogram represent?

An outgroup comparison helps determine the ancestral and descendent relationship of a character state.

What is the term for a group of organisms that includes the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants?

The presence or absence of a vertebral column is an example of a character state used to determine relationships, and is known as a character's ______.

Match the following sources of phylogenetic information with their description:

Comparative cytology can involve the study of both living and fossil material.

Which of the following is determined via outgroup comparison?

Which of the following are characteristics of coelomate organisms?

Nematodes are considered coelomates.

Organisms lacking a body cavity are referred to as what?

Organisms with bilateral symmetry have a distinct ________.

Which of the following groups exhibit bilateral symmetry most prominently?

Match the following animal groups with their respective body cavity types:

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a coelom?

Asymmetry is a type of body plan where there is a central axis, and any plane passing through it divides the body into mirror images.

What type of epithelium is specialized to accommodate stretching and found in the urinary tract and bladder?

The extracellular space refers to the fluid compartments within cells.

What are the two main fluid compartments found in multicellular animals?

The fluid portion of blood that exists outside cells is known as ______.

What does the term 'homoplasy' refer to in the context of phylogenetic analysis?

Binomial nomenclature assigns organisms a two-part name consisting of genus and species.

Who developed the hierarchical taxonomic framework used in animal classification?

The evolutionary history of a species or group of species is referred to as its ______.

Which of the following is NOT a mandatory rank in the taxonomic hierarchy?

Cladistics relies solely on morphological traits to establish phylogenetic relationships.

What is the significance of 'character' in the construction of a phylogeny?

Which of the following best describes the tissue-organ level of organization?

The organ-system level of organization consists of organs working independently.

Name one example of an organ system observed in animals.

The three levels of organization that categorize a multicellular organism include cellular, tissue, and _______.

Match the following organ systems with their primary function: