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Cellular Organization - HW Flashcards
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Cellular Organization - HW Flashcards

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@MatchlessAltoSaxophone

Questions and Answers

Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

  • All of the proteins of the cell are synthesized on ribosomes bound on the nuclear envelope.
  • The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. (correct)
  • The outer layer of the nuclear envelope is lined with a lamina.
  • The nuclear envelope is a single membrane consisting of a phospholipid bilayer.
  • Plasmodesmata in the nuclear envelope permit the exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

    • Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?

  • Keratin fibers
  • Plasmodesmata
  • Desmosomes (anchoring junctions)
  • Tight junctions (correct)
  • Gap (communicating) junctions

    • The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

  • Plasmodesmata
  • Desmosomes (correct)
  • Tight junctions
  • Gap (communicating) junctions
  • The cytoskeleton

    • _____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

    <p>Gap (communicating) junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where would the black spots appear on an emulsion prepared 3 hours after labeling pancreatic cells?

    <p>Exterior of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What path does a protein in the secretory pathway take, starting from its site of synthesis?

    <p>Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above pulse-chase experiment results?

    <p>The final destination of the proteins was the lysosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scientific hypotheses can be tested by a pulse-chase experiment?

    <p>Movement of molecules through a cell over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins produced during the 'chase' phase of a pulse-chase experiment are labeled with radioactive material.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in a pulse-chase experiment?

    <p>Incorporating cells with a labeled molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the best description of the cell cytoskeleton.

    <p>The cell cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitochondria are found in __________.

    <p>Plant and animal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

    <p>Lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a cell exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be in:

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA.

    <p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

    <p>E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ are the sites of protein synthesis.

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organelles manufactures proteins bound for secretion out of the cell?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is calcium stored?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?

    <p>A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

    <p>Basal bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?

    <p>Peroxisome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these provides the cell with structural support?

    <p>D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fundamental characteristics of life include the ability to _____

    <p>respond to the environment, transform energy, reproduce and pass along characteristics to offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a cell display the fundamental characteristics of life?

    <p>It is possible because all the functions performed by the individual structures and organelles of a cell are integrated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the phenomenon called 'life' appear only at the level of the cell and not at the level of an organelle or an even smaller level?

    <p>Not one of the cellular components could exist indefinitely on its own. Organelles should interact with each other to function properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete a scheme of the integration of the main functions performed by the organelles of a cell.

    <p>The arrangement of organelles in relation to each other is crucial. Life is an emergent property resulting from intricate organization and orchestrated functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct?

    <p>Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

    <p>Both contain their own DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

    <p>Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct?

    <p>Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nuclear Envelope and Cell Junctions

    • The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, allowing for interaction between the two structures.
    • Tight junctions form barriers that prevent the passage of materials between cells, maintaining the integrity of tissue.
    • Desmosomes serve to bind animal cells together, providing mechanical strength.

    Communication Between Cells

    • Gap junctions facilitate the coordination of activities between adjacent animal cells by allowing material transfer.
    • Plasmodesmata serve a similar function in plant cells, enabling communication between neighboring cells.

    Protein Synthesis and Secretion Pathway

    • Pancreatic cells secrete digestive enzymes; radioactive labeling reveals proteins are found outside the cell after 3 hours.
    • In the secretory pathway, proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, processed in the Golgi apparatus, transported via secretory vesicles, and ultimately secreted through the plasma membrane.
    • Protein tracking in pulse-chase experiments indicates that the final destination for secreted proteins is often the lysosome.

    Pulse-Chase Experiment Insights

    • Pulse-chase experiments track the movement of molecules within cells over time.
    • Proteins produced during the chase phase are not labeled, as nonradioactive material is introduced.
    • The first step of a pulse-chase experiment involves incubating cells with a labeled molecule.

    Cytoskeleton and Cellular Functions

    • The cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers, allowing for shape change and repositioning of organelles within the cell.
    • Functions of the cytoskeleton include maintaining cell shape, aiding muscle contraction, and facilitating movement of cilia and flagella.

    Organelles and Cellular Processes

    • Mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells, converting organic molecules into ATP through cellular respiration.
    • Lysosomes play a crucial role in intracellular digestion by breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.
    • The rough endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for synthesizing secretory proteins, while ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

    Membrane Structures and Functions

    • The plasma membrane selectively regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell.
    • The smooth endoplasmic reticulum stores calcium and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
    • The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and sorts proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum.

    Emergent Properties of Cells

    • Life emerges from the integration of functions performed by various cell organelles.
    • Organelles interact and depend on one another for optimal functioning and survival.

    Extracellular Structures and Communication

    • Extracellular structures transmit information to the cytoplasm through mechanical and chemical signaling.
    • Chloroplasts and mitochondria share the trait of containing their own DNA, an essential feature for organelle functionality.

    Endomembrane System Functionality

    • The endomembrane system consists of interconnected membrane-bound compartments, where proteins intended for secretion are processed.
    • Communication and coordination between cellular processes are key to maintaining homeostasis and overall cell function.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on cellular organization with these flashcards focused on the nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells. Explore various statements and identify which one accurately describes the features and functions of the nuclear envelope. Perfect for review and reinforcement of key concepts!

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