Biology Chapter on Human Body Elements

The most abundant element in the human body, making up approximately 61% of our body mass. It's crucial for our survival.

The second most abundant element in our bodies, crucial for building structures like DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates.

The third most abundant element, found primarily in water, it's vital for many bodily functions.

The fourth most abundant element, present in proteins and nucleic acids, it's essential for growth and repair.

Important for bones, teeth, and nerve function. We obtain it from dietary sources.

Essential for energy production and DNA structure, it's sourced mainly from food.

Plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and maintaining the acid-base balance.

Essential for nerve function, muscle contraction, and regulating fluid balance.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It determines the element to which the atom belongs.

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

The positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom.

The negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.

The neutral particles located in the nucleus of an atom.

Atoms are mostly empty space with a tiny, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons.

The relative amount of a specific isotope present in a sample of an element.

The atomic number of an element determines its identity, as it represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This number is unique to each element.

In a neutral atom, the number of protons (positively charged particles) in the nucleus is equal to the number of electrons (negatively charged particles) orbiting the nucleus.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons (defining the element) but differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variations in their atomic mass.

The mass number of an element is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It represents the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus.

The number of protons in the nucleus of a radon atom is 86.

The number of protons in the nucleus of a tungsten atom is 74.

The number of protons in the nucleus of a chromium atom is 24.

The number of protons in the nucleus of a beryllium atom is 4.

The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.

A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. The number of electrons is the same as the number of protons.

The number of protons in an atom determines the element. Elements are arranged in the periodic table based on their atomic number.

Different isotopes of an element can be identified by their distinct mass numbers. These isotopes have the same number of protons but vary in the number of neutrons.

Isotopes are crucial for understanding the properties and reactivity of elements. They play a vital role in various fields like medicine, nuclear science, and environmental studies.

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.

Electrons located in the inner shells of an atom that are not involved in chemical bonding.

The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number, revealing recurring patterns in their chemical properties.

The arrangement of electrons in different energy levels (shells) around an atom's nucleus.

The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. It indicates the atom's capacity to form chemical bonds.

The theory describing the behavior of electrons in atoms.

The energies of electrons in atoms are restricted to specific values, not continuous.

Groups of electrons with similar energy levels, arranged around the nucleus.

Subsets of electrons within a shell, each containing electrons with slightly different energies.

The letters (s, p, d, f) used to label the subshells within each electron shell. Each letter represents a different shape of orbitals.

The higher the energy of an electron shell, the further away its electrons are from the nucleus on average.

The first electron shell contains one subshell, the second contains two, the third contains three, and so on.

Electrons are not randomly moving around the nucleus. They exist in well-defined arrangements determined by their energy levels.