Biology Chapter on Genetics and Species Concept
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Questions and Answers

What does the Biological Species Concept (BSC) primarily define as a species?

  • A group of organisms with identical physical traits.
  • A group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring. (correct)
  • A collection of different organisms living in close proximity.
  • A group of organisms all sharing the same number of chromosomes.

    • What defines the karyotype of an organism?

  • The visible characteristics and arrangement of chromosomes (correct)
  • The length of the longest chromosome
  • The total number of chromosomes in each cell
  • The genetic sequence of the chromosomes

    • What is a population in biological terms?

  • A random assortment of organisms across various species.
  • A collection of organisms living in distinct geographic areas.
  • A group of organisms living in the same area at the same time, within the same species. (correct)
  • Any number of organisms from multiple species coexisting in one habitat.

    • Chromatids are formed during which stage of the cell cycle?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common result of the divergence of species?

    <p>The formation of new species that no longer interbreed over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do stains play in chromosome classification?

    <p>They provide distinctive banding patterns for identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the actual number of chromosomes in a species not considered crucial?

    <p>As long as all members of a species have the same chromosome number, variations are acceptable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chromosomes differ in size based on the content provided?

    <p>Size varies, with the largest chromosome being 5 times longer than the shortest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism has a higher chromosome count compared to humans?

    <p>Chimpanzees, which have 48 chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the centromere is correct?

    <p>The centromere connects the two chromatids of a chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a karyogram primarily reveal about an organism's chromosomes?

    <p>The number of chromosomes in homologous pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines an autosome?

    <p>A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is biological sex determined based on sex chromosomes?

    <p>Two X chromosomes indicate a female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe different forms of a gene found at the same place on a chromosome?

    <p>Alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about a genome is true?

    <p>It represents the total amount of DNA of an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?

    <p>SNPs represent positions in a gene with alternative bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential effects do single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have on genes?

    <p>They may alter gene expression and mRNA stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic genomes compared to prokaryotic genomes?

    <p>Eukaryotic genomes tend to have larger sizes and more genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to variations in genome size among different species?

    <p>Differences in the amount of non-coding DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does non-coding DNA play in eukaryotic genomes?

    <p>Non-coding DNA acts as regulatory elements, affecting gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method through which gene sequence variations occur?

    <p>Recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not a direct application of whole genome sequencing?

    <p>Predicting climate change impacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are units for measuring genome size typically expressed?

    <p>Base pairs and megabases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a dichotomous key primarily assist with?

    <p>Classifying species based on traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of chromosome numbers is maintained through sexual reproduction?

    <p>Species specific chromosome counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

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