Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement is accurate regarding dominant and recessive traits?
Which statement is accurate regarding dominant and recessive traits?
- If a trait is dominant, both parents must express the trait.
- If a trait is recessive, at least one parent will express the trait.
- If a trait is recessive, both parents will express the trait.
- If a trait is dominant, at least one parent will express the trait. (correct)
What is the result of meiosis in terms of chromosome sets?
What is the result of meiosis in terms of chromosome sets?
- It produces 2 haploid daughter cells.
- It produces 2 diploid daughter cells.
- It produces 4 haploid daughter cells. (correct)
- It produces 4 diploid daughter cells.
Which statement best describes the process of crossing over?
Which statement best describes the process of crossing over?
- It is the process of DNA replication before mitosis.
- It is when homologous chromosomes exchange genes during prophase 1. (correct)
- It occurs during anaphase 1 of meiosis.
- It is the division of a cell into two identical daughter cells.
What is the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?
What is the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?
Which statement correctly describes cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?
Which statement correctly describes cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?
What is the primary role of buffers in biological systems?
What is the primary role of buffers in biological systems?
Which of the following correctly identifies an independent variable in an experiment?
Which of the following correctly identifies an independent variable in an experiment?
What distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?
What distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?
Which level of the hierarchy of life includes the largest grouping of organisms?
Which level of the hierarchy of life includes the largest grouping of organisms?
What is primarily affected by homeostasis in living organisms?
What is primarily affected by homeostasis in living organisms?
Which statement describes the role of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Which statement describes the role of carbohydrates in living organisms?
What structural feature distinguishes secondary protein structures?
What structural feature distinguishes secondary protein structures?
What defines nucleic acids within biological molecules?
What defines nucleic acids within biological molecules?
Which molecule is primarily responsible for absorbing light in plants during photosynthesis?
Which molecule is primarily responsible for absorbing light in plants during photosynthesis?
What are the three steps of the Calvin Cycle?
What are the three steps of the Calvin Cycle?
What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?
What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?
What products are generated as a result of cellular respiration?
What products are generated as a result of cellular respiration?
Which factor does NOT affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Which factor does NOT affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Which process uses glucose to regenerate NAD+?
Which process uses glucose to regenerate NAD+?
What is the result of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
What is the result of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
What is required for ATP synthesis during light-dependent reactions?
What is required for ATP synthesis during light-dependent reactions?
Which organism type is NOT commonly associated with fermentation processes?
Which organism type is NOT commonly associated with fermentation processes?
What is the byproduct of alcoholic fermentation in addition to alcohol?
What is the byproduct of alcoholic fermentation in addition to alcohol?
What does glycolysis convert glucose into?
What does glycolysis convert glucose into?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Law of Dominance?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Law of Dominance?
In the case of codominance, what describes the outcome of an allele crossover?
In the case of codominance, what describes the outcome of an allele crossover?
Which statement best describes gene linkage?
Which statement best describes gene linkage?
What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
Which of the following best explains the Law of Segregation?
Which of the following best explains the Law of Segregation?
What is the primary role of the cell membrane?
What is the primary role of the cell membrane?
Which component of a plant cell is responsible for photosynthesis?
Which component of a plant cell is responsible for photosynthesis?
Which process describes the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration?
Which process describes the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration?
How do ribosomes primarily contribute to cellular function?
How do ribosomes primarily contribute to cellular function?
Which of the following accurately describes prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following accurately describes prokaryotic cells?
What effect does an increased temperature generally have on the rate of diffusion?
What effect does an increased temperature generally have on the rate of diffusion?
Which type of transport involves engulfing large particles and forming vacuoles within the cell?
Which type of transport involves engulfing large particles and forming vacuoles within the cell?
What is the significance of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
What is the significance of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
Which type of solution has an equal concentration of solute and solvent?
Which type of solution has an equal concentration of solute and solvent?
What is the main function of the cytoskeleton?
What is the main function of the cytoskeleton?
What defines facilitated diffusion?
What defines facilitated diffusion?
What role do enzymes play in biological reactions?
What role do enzymes play in biological reactions?
What structure allows the nucleus to interact with the cytoplasm?
What structure allows the nucleus to interact with the cytoplasm?
Which statement correctly describes lysosomes?
Which statement correctly describes lysosomes?
Flashcards
Independent Variable
Independent Variable
The variable that is changed or manipulated by the researcher in an experiment.
Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment. It's the outcome that is being tested.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
The ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
Energy Processing
Energy Processing
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Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis
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Nucleotide
Nucleotide
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Polypeptide
Polypeptide
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Protein
Protein
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis Equation
Photosynthesis Equation
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Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
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Light Dependent Reactions
Light Dependent Reactions
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Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle
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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
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Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
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Fermentation
Fermentation
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Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
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Enzyme
Enzyme
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Active Site
Active Site
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Substrate
Substrate
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Product
Product
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Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
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Cell Wall
Cell Wall
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Nuclear Membrane
Nuclear Membrane
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Nucleolus
Nucleolus
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Chromatin
Chromatin
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Meiosis
Meiosis
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Gametes
Gametes
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Zygote
Zygote
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Diploid
Diploid
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Haploid
Haploid
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Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle
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Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain
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Glycolysis
Glycolysis
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Genetics
Genetics
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Allele
Allele
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Study Notes
Unit 1: Scientific Method
- Independent variable: the variable manipulated by the researcher.
- Dependent variable: the outcome variable.
- Characteristics of life: sensitivity, reproduction, adaptation, growth, development, regulation, homeostasis, energy processing, and evolution.
- Hierarchy of life: atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere.
- Water: polar due to uneven electron distribution between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
- Cohesion: attraction between molecules of the same substance.
- Adhesion: attraction between molecules of different substances.
- Solute: a substance dissolved in a solvent.
- Buffers: weak acids or bases that prevent drastic pH changes.
- Carbohydrates: made of monosaccharides; used for short-term energy storage.
- Lipids: made of fatty acids; saturated (solid) or unsaturated (liquid); used for energy storage, absorbing vitamins, and hormone production.
- Nucleic acids: made of nucleotides; include DNA and RNA.
- Proteins: made of amino acids; form polypeptide chains, which then fold into complex three-dimensional shapes.
- Dehydration synthesis: process of forming bonds between molecules by removing water.
- Hydrolysis: process of breaking bonds between molecules by adding water.
- Enzymes: protein catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions.
- Active site: region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
- Substrate: the substance on which an enzyme acts.
- Products: the result of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
- Factors affecting enzyme activity: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and activators/inhibitors.
Unit 2: Cell Structure
- Cell membrane: protection, regulates what enters/exits the cell; made of a lipid bilayer.
- Cell wall: provides support and strength; present in plant cells; made of cellulose.
- Nucleus: controls cell activities, contains DNA; contains protons and neutrons.
- Nuclear membrane: acts as a cell membrane for the nucleus.
- Nucleolus: involved in ribosome production.
- Chromatin: DNA packaged into units.
- Cytoplasm: holds cellular components, protects them.
- Ribosomes: produce proteins; made of RNA.
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): lipid components of cell membranes, generates energy.
- Mitochondria: generate energy.
- Vacuoles: store water.
- Lysosomes: break down organic molecules.
- Golgi apparatus: packages proteins and other materials.
- Chloroplasts: produce energy through photosynthesis; present in plant cells.
- Microtubules: support cell shape.
Unit 3: Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis formula: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
- Autotrophs: organisms that make their own food (plants).
- Heterotrophs: organisms that consume other organisms for energy (animals).
- Chlorophyll: plant pigment that absorbs light for photosynthesis.
- Chloroplast: site of photosynthesis; contains thylakoids (where light-dependent reactions occur) and stroma (where Calvin cycle reactions occur).
- Light-dependent reactions: convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
- Calvin cycle: uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into sugars.
Unit 4: Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration formula: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.
- Glycolysis: first step in cellular respiration; breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.
- Krebs cycle: further breakdown of pyruvate to release energy.
- Electron transport chain: generates ATP through the transfer of electrons.
- Anaerobic respiration: occurs without oxygen, producing less ATP.
- Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen, produces more ATP.
- Fermentation: anaerobic process that regenerates NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue.
Unit 4: Genetics
- Gregor Mendel: father of genetics.
- Purebred: organisms with two identical alleles for a given trait (e.g., PP or pp).
- Hybrid: offspring of crossed purebred organisms.
- P1 generation: parental generation.
- F1 generation: first filial generation.
- Law of Dominance: one allele is dominant over another.
- Alleles: different forms of a gene.
- Genes: units of heredity.
- Genotype: genetic makeup.
- Phenotype: physical appearance.
- Law of Segregation: alleles separate during gamete formation.
- Homozygous: having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., AA or aa).
- Heterozygous: having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Aa).
- Law of Independent Assortment: alleles of different genes are sorted into gametes independently.
- Meiosis: process of cell division producing gametes.
- Mitosis: cell division for growth and repair.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in genetics and reproductive biology. This quiz covers dominant and recessive traits, meiosis results, crossing over, oogenesis vs. spermatogenesis, and cytokinesis in different cell types. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge on these fundamental biological processes.
