Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of repressible operons, such as the trp operon?
What is the primary function of repressible operons, such as the trp operon?
- Turned off by corepressors (correct)
- Regulate protein synthesis directly
- Turned on by inducers
- Control RNA stability
Which process in eukaryotic gene regulation involves modifications that can activate or suppress gene expression?
Which process in eukaryotic gene regulation involves modifications that can activate or suppress gene expression?
- RNA splicing
- Translational modifications
- DNA methylation (correct)
- Induction
What distinguishes totipotent stem cells from pluripotent stem cells?
What distinguishes totipotent stem cells from pluripotent stem cells?
- Totipotent cells can form most cell types
- Totipotent cells can form all cell types (correct)
- Totipotent cells can only form embryonic tissues
- Pluripotent cells are used in gene therapy
What role do oncogenes play in cancer development?
What role do oncogenes play in cancer development?
Which biotechnology tool is used for precise DNA editing?
Which biotechnology tool is used for precise DNA editing?
Flashcards
Oncogene
Oncogene
A gene or protein that promotes cell growth and division. Mutations in these genes can lead to cancer.
Inducible operon
Inducible operon
A type of gene regulation in prokaryotes where an operon is turned on by an inducer. An example of this is the lac operon.
Repressible operon
Repressible operon
A type of gene regulation in prokaryotes where an operon is turned off by a corepressor. An example of this is the trp operon.
Totipotent stem cell
Totipotent stem cell
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Epigenetics
Epigenetics
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Study Notes
Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
- Operon model used
- Repressible operons (e.g., trp operon): Deactivated by corepressors
- Inducible operons (e.g., lac operon): Activated by inducers
Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
- Multi-level control
- Epigenetics: DNA methylation silences genes; histone acetylation activates genes
- Transcription factors: Regulate gene activation
- Post-transcriptional: RNA splicing and stability control gene expression
- Translational and post-translational: Protein synthesis and modification regulate protein function
Development
- Cytoplasmic determinants and induction drive cell differentiation
- Homeotic genes control body pattern formation
Stem Cells
- Totipotent stem cells: Can form all cell types
- Pluripotent stem cells: Can form most cell types
- Crucial for regenerative medicine
Cancer
- Uncontrolled cell division caused by mutations in oncogenes (promote growth) or tumor suppressor genes (prevent growth)
Viruses
- Viruses hijack host gene regulation, potentially integrating into the genome and causing disruptions to normal processes
Biotechnology
- CRISPR technology is used for precise DNA editing
- Recombinant DNA and gene therapy are used in research and treatments
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Description
Explore the intricate mechanisms of gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including operon models and transcription factors. Delve into stem cell differentiation, cancer biology, and viral interactions, covering the essential concepts of cell growth and development. This quiz provides a comprehensive overview of key biological principles relevant to genetics and cellular biology.
