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Questions and Answers
What process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
What process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
The cell membrane is primarily responsible for providing structure and support to the cell, without regulating the entry and exit of substances.
The cell membrane is primarily responsible for providing structure and support to the cell, without regulating the entry and exit of substances.
False (B)
What are the two main types of processes involved in membrane transport?
What are the two main types of processes involved in membrane transport?
Passive and active processes
During ______, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, preparing for cell division.
During ______, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, preparing for cell division.
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Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
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What is the primary driving force for filtration in the body?
What is the primary driving force for filtration in the body?
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During prophase, chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope disintegrates.
During prophase, chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope disintegrates.
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What are the two types of vesicular transport that utilize ATP?
What are the two types of vesicular transport that utilize ATP?
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Mitosis consists of several stages including prophase, metaphase, ________, and telophase.
Mitosis consists of several stages including prophase, metaphase, ________, and telophase.
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Match the following cellular processes with their descriptions:
Match the following cellular processes with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Filtration and Active Transport
- Filtration involves movement through a membrane from high to low hydrostatic pressure, driven by blood pressure in the body.
- Active transport utilizes ATP to move substances against concentration gradients via solute pumps.
- Active transport is essential for amino acids, sugars, and ions.
- Vesicular transport includes exocytosis (expelling substances) and endocytosis (ingesting substances), with endocytosis further categorized into phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Cell Cycle and Division
- Interphase is the extensive metabolic phase of the cell cycle.
- Mitosis divides the nucleus into two identical daughter nuclei, each with the same genetic material.
- Cytokinesis follows mitosis, dividing the cytoplasm to form two separate cells.
- Mitosis phases include:
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, centrioles move apart, and the nuclear envelope disintegrates.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite cell poles.
- Telophase: Chromatids revert to chromatin, the nuclear envelope reforms, and nucleoli reappear.
The Cell Structure
- A cell is the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms; its activities influence overall organism function.
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Nucleus contains:
- Nuclear envelope: A double membrane barrier.
- Nucleoplasm: Jelly-like fluid suspending nuclear elements.
- Nucleolus: Ribosome assembly site.
- Chromatin: Genetic material in non-dividing cells; forms chromosomes during division.
Cytoplasm Components
- Cytosol: Semi-transparent fluid that suspends cell components.
- Inclusions: Nutrients or cell products stored within the cytosol.
- Organelles: Specialized compartments performing metabolic functions.
Cell Physiology
- Cells exhibit irritability, respond to stimuli, digest, excrete wastes, grow, reproduce, and metabolize.
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Passive transport mechanisms include:
- Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration, requiring no ATP.
- Osmosis: Water diffusion across membranes.
- Facilitated diffusion: Requires protein channels or carriers.
Tissue Types
- Epithelial Tissue: Covers all body surfaces and has functions in protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion.
- Characteristics include:
- Closely packed cells with cell junctions.
- Apical surface (free edge) and basal surface (attached via basement membrane).
- Lacks blood supply but regenerates easily.
- Classified as simple or stratified based on layers, and further by shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar).
Connective Tissue
- Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue type, serving to protect and support organs.
- Key features include:
- Variation in blood supply.
- Extracellular matrix composed of ground substance and fibers.
- Types include bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue (such as areolar and adipose connective tissue), and blood.
Bone Tissue
- Osseous tissue consists of osteocytes residing in lacunae and forms the structural framework of the skeleton.
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Description
Explore the processes of filtration and active transport in the human body. Understand how substances move through membranes under different pressures and the role of ATP in transporting molecules against gradients. This quiz covers essential concepts vital for comprehending cellular functions.
