NCERT - HUMAN REPRODUCTION - 24-25
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of formation of a mature female gamete called?

  • Meiosis
  • Spermatogenesis
  • Folliculogenesis
  • Oogenesis (correct)

    • Oogonia are formed and added after birth.

    False

    What is the term for the primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells?

    Primary follicle

    The __________ layer is organised into an inner theca interna and an outer theca externa.

    <p>theca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of follicle development with their characteristics:

    <p>Primary Follicle = Surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells Secondary Follicle = Surrounded by more layers of granulosa Tertiary Follicle = Characterized by the presence of antrum Oocyte = Undergoes first meiotic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures secrete milk in the mammary glands?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of a hymen is a reliable indicator of virginity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process produces sperms in males?

    <p>Spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary sex organs in males are the __________.

    <p>testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of spermatogenesis with their descriptions:

    <p>Spermatogonia = Diploid cells that undergo mitosis Primary spermatocyte = Diploid cells that undergo meiosis Secondary spermatocyte = Haploid cells formed after the first meiotic division Spermatids = Haploid cells that develop into spermatozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone significantly increases at puberty leading to spermatogenesis?

    <p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis begins before puberty.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spermiogenesis refer to?

    <p>Transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To maintain a lower temperature for spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis occurs at a higher temperature than the normal body temperature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the formation of ovum typically cease in women?

    <p>Around fifty years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male germ cells undergo _______ divisions leading to sperm formation.

    <p>meiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the male reproductive system to their functions:

    <p>Testes = Sperm production Sertoli cells = Nutritional support for germ cells Leydig cells = Hormone production Scrotum = Temperature regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the male reproductive system is responsible for hormone production?

    <p>Leydig cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each testis contains 250 compartments known as testicular lobules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the seminiferous tubules produce?

    <p>Sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Leydig cells?

    <p>To synthesize and secrete testicular hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epididymis stores sperm until ejaculation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the external opening of the urethra in the male reproductive system.

    <p>urethral meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ glands produce seminal plasma, which is rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes.

    <p>accessory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is included in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Oviducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovaries are located in the upper abdomen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary female gamete produced by the ovaries?

    <p>ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fimbriae in the infundibulum?

    <p>To collect the ovum after ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The uterus has four layers of tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the uterus described in the content?

    <p>Inverted pear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _________ is the passage through which the uterus opens into the vagina.

    <p>cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of luteinising hormone (LH) in males?

    <p>Stimulates secretion of androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the female reproductive system with their functions:

    <p>Oviducts = Transport the ovum to the uterus Uterus = Supports fetal development Vagina = Birth canal Fimbriae = Collect the ovum after ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates spermatogenesis directly.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female reproductive system undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components make up the structure of a sperm?

    <p>Head, neck, middle piece, tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acrosome of sperm is filled with __________ that assist in fertilization.

    <p>enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hymen can only be torn during the first coitus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the fleshy folds of tissue that surround the vaginal opening called?

    <p>Labia majora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormones with their respective functions:

    <p>Luteinising hormone (LH) = Stimulates androgen secretion Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) = Stimulates secretion from Sertoli cells Androgens = Facilitates spermatogenesis Testicular hormones = Maintains accessory glands' functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sperms are typically ejaculated during coitus?

    <p>200 to 300 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For normal fertility, at least 60% of ejaculated sperm must have a normal shape and size.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ produces energy for the movement of the sperm's tail.

    <p>middle piece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs immediately after fertilization in human reproduction?

    <p>Development of zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sperm formation can continue throughout a man's life without cessation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in the testes?

    <p>Provide nutrition to germ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male reproductive system is primarily located in the __________ region.

    <p>pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Testicular lobules are the compartments within each testis where sperm is produced.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interstitial cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Produce testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the male sex accessory ducts?

    <p>Ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The uterus is located in the abdominal cavity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone do Leydig cells primarily secrete?

    <p>Androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The enlarged end of the penis is called the __________.

    <p>glans penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following female reproductive organs with their functions:

    <p>Ovaries = Produce female gametes and hormones Uterus = Nurtures the fertilized ovum Cervix = Connects uterus and vagina Vagina = Serves as the birth canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands helps in the lubrication of the penis?

    <p>Bulbourethral glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to primary oocytes during embryonic development?

    <p>They begin to divide and get arrested in prophase-I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epididymis is responsible for the production of sperm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tertiary follicles are characterized by the presence of a cavity called the antrum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the seminal vesicles?

    <p>Produce seminal plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many primary follicles typically remain in each ovary at puberty?

    <p>60,000-80,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During oogenesis, the first meiotic division results in a large haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny __________.

    <p>first polar body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of follicle development with their descriptions:

    <p>Primary Follicle = Surrounded by granulosa cells Secondary Follicle = Surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells Tertiary Follicle = Characterized by the antrum Primary Oocyte = Arrested in prophase-I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary anatomical feature described in the uterus that assists in childbirth?

    <p>Myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fimbriae are located at the uterine opening and function to assist in sperm transport.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the uterus to the vagina?

    <p>Cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is a thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening in females.

    <p>hymen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the female external genitalia with their descriptions:

    <p>Mons pubis = Cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair Labia majora = Fleshy folds surrounding the vaginal opening Labia minora = Paired folds of tissue under labia majora Clitoris = Tiny structure at the upper junction of the labia minora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the oviduct leads to the uterus?

    <p>Isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endometrium does not undergo any changes during the menstrual cycle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length range of the fallopian tubes?

    <p>10-12 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mammary glands?

    <p>Secrete milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis begins in females.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diploid cell in the testis that forms sperm called?

    <p>spermatogonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which spermatids transform into spermatozoa is called ________.

    <p>spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the mammary gland with their functions:

    <p>Alveoli = Secrete milk Mammary ducts = Transport milk Mammary ampulla = Store milk temporarily Lactiferous duct = Exit for milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage do primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis?

    <p>At puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of a hymen is a definitive sign of virginity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are present in each haploid spermatid?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the secretion of androgens from the Leydig cells?

    <p>Luteinising hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Androgens play an important role in the process of spermatogenesis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure covers the anterior portion of the sperm head?

    <p>acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is filled with mitochondria which provide energy for sperm motility.

    <p>middle piece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of the male reproductive system to their functions:

    <p>Leydig Cells = Synthesize and secrete androgens Sertoli Cells = Support spermatogenesis Epididymis = Maturation and storage of sperm Seminal Vesicle = Produces seminal plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of sperm that must show vigorous motility for normal fertility?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sperms mature in the seminiferous tubules before being transported.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ along with sperms constitutes the semen.

    <p>seminal plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

    <p>Oogenesis is initiated during embryonic development, while spermatogenesis begins at puberty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary oocytes are formed after birth and continue to multiply.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the initial stage of oocyte development that is marked by the arrest in prophase-I?

    <p>Primary oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ follicle is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity called the antrum.

    <p>tertiary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of follicle development with their characteristics:

    <p>Primary follicle = Surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells Secondary follicle = Surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells Tertiary follicle = Contains a fluid-filled cavity called antrum Primary oocyte = Arrested in prophase-I of meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for maintaining the necessary low temperature for spermatogenesis?

    <p>Scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The production of sperm in males is continuous throughout their life.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male gamete is known as a __________.

    <p>sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following male reproductive structures with their functions:

    <p>Testes = Production of sperm Scrotum = Temperature regulation Seminiferous tubules = Site of spermatogenesis Leydig cells = Hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does NOT contribute to the formation of the male reproductive system?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when male and female gametes fuse?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures are part of the male reproductive system?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The seminiferous tubules are responsible for the storage of sperm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the bulbourethral glands?

    <p>Lubrication of the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ejaculatory duct opens into the ________.

    <p>urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is produced by the Leydig cells?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glans penis is covered by a fold of skin known as the foreskin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one primary male accessory gland.

    <p>Prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence or absence of a hymen is a reliable indicator of virginity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells secrete milk in the mammary glands?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process transforms spermatids into spermatozoa?

    <p>spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the first meiotic division, a primary spermatocyte produces two __________ cells.

    <p>secondary spermatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis begins at puberty due to increased secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chromosomes found in each spermatid after meiosis?

    <p>23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the paired structures that contain glandular tissue and varying amounts of fat in female mammals?

    <p>mammary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of androgens in males?

    <p>Luteinising hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes that prevent fertilization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sperm head contains an elongated haploid __________.

    <p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of sperm with their functions:

    <p>Head = Contains nucleus and acrosome Middle Piece = Site of ATP production Tail = Facilitates movement of sperm Acrosome = Contains fertilization enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is essential for the maturation and motility of sperms?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normal fertility in males requires at least 40% of sperm to exhibit vigorous motility.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual range of sperm count during human ejaculation?

    <p>200 to 300 million sperms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cervix connects the uterus directly to the ovary.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the finger-like projections on the edges of the infundibulum called?

    <p>Fimbriae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ is a narrow muscular tube that connects the uterus to the vagina.

    <p>cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the female reproductive system with their descriptions:

    <p>Oviduct = Tube extending from the ovary to the uterus Uterus = The womb or cavity for fetal development Vagina = The birth canal Fimbriae = Finger-like projections aiding ovum collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the uterine wall undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The labia majora are located beneath the labia minora.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the clitoris in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Sensory stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Nutrition to the germ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary event that occurs to the primary oocyte at the tertiary follicle stage?

    <p>Completes its first meiotic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sperm formation in males continues throughout their entire lifespan.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of oogonia increases after birth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the large haploid cell produced after the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte?

    <p>Secondary oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the compartments within each testis where sperm is produced called?

    <p>testicular lobules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is a pouch that holds the testes outside the abdominal cavity.

    <p>scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ layer surrounds the primary follicle and is made of granulosa cells.

    <p>granulosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the male reproductive system with their respective functions:

    <p>Testes = Produce sperm Seminiferous tubules = Site of spermatogenesis Leydig cells = Produce testosterone Epididymis = Stores sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of interstitial cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Secretion of hormones, particularly testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ideal temperature for spermatogenesis is higher than the normal body temperature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature range must the testes be maintained for optimal sperm production?

    <p>2–2.5°C lower than normal body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>They produce testicular hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the external opening called urethral meatus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the epididymis?

    <p>To store sperm until ejaculation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following male accessory glands with their functions:

    <p>Seminal vesicles = Produce seminal plasma rich in fructose Prostate = Produces alkaline fluid to enhance sperm motility Bulbourethral glands = Provide lubrication before ejaculation Leydig cells = Produce testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is found in the secretions of the male accessory glands?

    <p>Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary female sex organs produce male gametes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium that encloses the __________.

    <p>ovarian stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fimbriae of the infundibulum assist in the collection of the ovum after ovulation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three layers of tissue that make up the wall of the uterus?

    <p>perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cavity of the cervix is called the __________ canal.

    <p>cervical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the female external genitalia with their descriptions:

    <p>Mons pubis = Cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair Labia majora = Fleshy folds of tissue surrounding the vaginal opening Labia minora = Paired folds of tissue under the labia majora Clitoris = Tiny finger-like structure at the junction of the labia minora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the oviduct connects to the uterus?

    <p>Isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The labia minora are larger than the labia majora.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called by which spermatogonia transform into spermatozoa?

    <p>Spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mammary glands are present in male mammals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells in the mammary glands secrete milk?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acrosome of the sperm contains enzymes necessary for fertilization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary sex organs that produce sperm in males are the __________.

    <p>testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of development are primary spermatocytes produced?

    <p>During puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The human male typically ejaculates about __________ million sperms during coitus.

    <p>200 to 300</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of a sperm with their functions:

    <p>Head = Contains genetic material Middle piece = Provides energy for motility Tail = Facilitates movement Acrosome = Contains enzymes for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of chromosomes in a spermatid is 46.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is significantly increased at puberty to initiate spermatogenesis?

    <p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates secretion of spermatogenic factors from Sertoli cells?

    <p>Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At least 60% of sperm must exhibit normal shape and size for normal fertility.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sperms released from the seminiferous tubules are transported by the __________ ducts.

    <p>accessory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To maintain low temperatures for spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each testis is covered by a dense covering called the tunica albuginea.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells provide nutrition to the male germ cells in the testes?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male reproductive system includes a pair of _______ for sperm production.

    <p>testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive event occurs last in the process of human reproduction?

    <p>Parturition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis ceases in older men.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature difference maintained by the scrotum necessary for sperm production?

    <p>2–2.5 °C lower than normal body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT part of the male accessory ducts?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glans penis is covered by a loose fold of skin called the urethra.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the seminal vesicles secrete that contributes to seminal plasma?

    <p>fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is the external opening of the penis.

    <p>urethral meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the ovaries located in the female body?

    <p>Pelvic region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bulbourethral glands secrete substances that help in the lubrication of the penis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects each ovary to the pelvic wall and uterus?

    <p>ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the fimbriae in the infundibulum of the oviduct?

    <p>To assist in ovum collection after ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The uterus, also known as the womb, has three layers of tissue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the uterus described?

    <p>Inverted pear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The part of the oviduct that connects to the uterus is called the __________.

    <p>isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the female external genitalia?

    <p>Fimbriae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hymen can only be torn during coitus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three layers of the uterine wall?

    <p>Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells in the alveoli of mammary glands are responsible for milk secretion?

    <p>Alveolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure where several mammary ducts join?

    <p>mammary ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, the diploid spermatogonia undergo a reduction division to form __________.

    <p>secondary spermatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes with their descriptions:

    <p>Spermatogenesis = Formation of sperm from spermatogonia Spermiogenesis = Transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa Spermiation = Release of mature sperm from seminiferous tubules Lactation = Secretion of milk from mammary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gametes in males at puberty?

    <p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mammary glands are characterized by a single mammary lobe.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the hormone that significantly increases during puberty to start spermatogenesis.

    <p>gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the secretion of androgens in males?

    <p>Luteinising Hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The head of the sperm contains a haploid nucleus and is covered by the acrosome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components are essential for sperm motility?

    <p>Mitochondria in the middle piece of the sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _________ transports sperm from the seminiferous tubules.

    <p>epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of sperm with their functions:

    <p>Acrosome = Contains enzymes for fertilization Mitochondria = Produces energy for movement Tail = Facilitates sperm motility Head = Contains haploid nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of sperm must show vigorous motility for normal fertility?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to most primary follicles from birth to puberty?

    <p>They degenerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first meiotic division of the primary oocyte is equal, resulting in two similar daughter cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The seminal plasma along with the sperms constitutes the __________.

    <p>semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cells that are formed during the embryonic development stage from which mature female gametes develop?

    <p>oogonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At puberty, the number of primary follicles left in each ovary is approximately __________.

    <p>60,000-80,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Oogenesis = Formation of mature female gametes Primary oocyte = Cell arrested in prophase-I Tertiary follicle = Characterized by fluid-filled antrum Granulosa cells = Surround primary oocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are located outside the abdominal cavity to assist in temperature regulation for spermatogenesis?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis occurs at the normal internal body temperature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of fusion between male and female gametes?

    <p>fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each testis contains compartments known as __________.

    <p>testicular lobules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells provide nutrition to the male germ cells during spermatogenesis?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Formation of sperms in males ceases after a certain age.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the interstitial cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Synthesize and secrete androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epididymis is responsible for the storage of sperm until ejaculation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures transport sperm from the testes to the outside of the body?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ serves as the male external genitalia and facilitates insemination.

    <p>penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for secreting fluid that aids in lubrication of the penis?

    <p>Bulbourethral glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary female sex organs that produce the female gamete?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the part of the oviduct that possesses finger-like projections to help collect the ovum?

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endometrium is the outermost layer of the uterine wall.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary shape of the uterus?

    <p>Inverted pear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is not considered part of the female external genitalia?

    <p>Fallopian tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following female structures with their functions:

    <p>Fimbriae = Help collect the ovum Oviduct = Site for fertilization Uterus = Houses the developing fetus Vagina = Birth canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hymen is always torn during the first intercourse.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supports the uterus and attaches it to the pelvic wall?

    <p>Ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mammary alveoli in females?

    <p>Secrete milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Sperms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hormone that increases significantly at puberty and stimulates spermatogenesis is __________.

    <p>gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes do secondary spermatocytes contain?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of a hymen is a reliable indicator of a female's virginity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transformation occurs during spermiogenesis?

    <p>Spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a large number of primary follicles from birth to puberty?

    <p>They degenerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oogenesis is completed after birth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first meiotic division in oogenesis characterized by?

    <p>An unequal division resulting in a large secondary oocyte and a tiny first polar body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ follicle has a fluid-filled cavity called antrum.

    <p>tertiary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Oogonia = Gamete mother cells formed during embryonic development Primary oocyte = A cell arrested in prophase-I of meiosis Secondary follicle = A primary follicle with additional layers of granulosa cells Antrum = Fluid-filled cavity in the tertiary follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do androgens play in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Stimulate the process of spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes that assist in the fertilization of the ovum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of sperm?

    <p>Head, neck, middle piece, tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ cells stimulate secretion of factors necessary for spermiogenesis.

    <p>Sertoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FSH directly stimulates spermatogenesis in the male reproductive system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Leydig cells?

    <p>Synthesis and secretion of androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is involved in storing sperm in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glans penis is covered by a structure known as the foreskin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary female sex organs responsible for producing gametes?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells in the testes provide nutrition to germ cells?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ are the ducts that connect the testes to the urethra.

    <p>vasa deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male gametes are produced in the __________.

    <p>seminiferous tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following male accessory glands with their corresponding functions:

    <p>Seminal vesicles = Produce seminal plasma Prostate gland = Secretes prostate fluid Bulbourethral glands = Lubrication during ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the male reproductive system with their primary functions:

    <p>Testes = Production of sperm Epididymis = Storage of sperm Leydig cells = Hormone production Seminal vesicles = Producing seminal plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these hormones is primarily responsible for regulating spermatogenesis in males?

    <p>Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Testicular hormones are synthesized and secreted by Leydig cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each testis contains about 250 compartments known as testicular lobules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components of the male reproductive system assist in lubricating the penis?

    <p>Bulbourethral glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fimbriae in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To help collect the ovum after ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does the primary oocyte get temporarily arrested during oogogenesis?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The uterus is also referred to as the womb.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three layers of tissue in the wall of the uterus?

    <p>Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All oogonia present at birth continue to divide and form mature gametes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The part of the oviduct that joins the uterus is called the __________.

    <p>isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms around each primary oocyte?

    <p>Granulosa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity known as antrum.

    <p>tertiary follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hymen can only be torn during first intercourse.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cervical canal?

    <p>It serves as a passageway between the uterus and vagina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the mammary lobes in female mammals?

    <p>Produce milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis produces four haploid spermatids at the end of meiosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates spermatogenesis at puberty?

    <p>Increased secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ cells release sperm into the seminiferous tubules.

    <p>Sertoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mammary glands is correct?

    <p>Mammary glands are only found in mammals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each spermatogonium contains 46 chromosomes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of spermatogenesis?

    <p>Spermatozoa (sperms)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of luteinising hormone (LH) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Stimulates the secretion of androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acrosome of the sperm contains enzymes that help with fertilization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the male reproductive system is primarily responsible for the maturation of sperm?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ cells in the testes are responsible for supporting spermatogenesis.

    <p>Sertoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone primarily stimulates the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

    <p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ejaculated sperm must show at least 40% vigorous motility for normal fertility.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the majority of primary follicles from birth until puberty?

    <p>They degenerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oogenesis begins after birth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed during the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte?

    <p>A haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny first polar body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ consists of an inner theca interna and an outer theca externa.

    <p>theca layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of follicles with their characteristics:

    <p>Primary Follicle = Surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells Secondary Follicle = Surrounded by more granulosa cells and a new theca Tertiary Follicle = Characterized by a fluid filled cavity called antrum Primary Oocyte = Temporarily arrested in prophase-I of meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pouch that contains the testes?

    <p>scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of spermatogenesis occurs in the __________ of the testes.

    <p>seminiferous tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what average temperature is spermatogenesis optimal?

    <p>32°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leydig cells are responsible for sperm production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of maintaining a lower temperature in the scrotum?

    <p>Optimal conditions for spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to increased levels of GnRH?

    <p>Luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes that assist fertilization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of FSH in male reproductive physiology?

    <p>Stimulates Sertoli cells to aid in spermiogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The middle piece of the sperm contains numerous __________ that provide energy for motility.

    <p>mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of a sperm with their functions:

    <p>Head = Contains the nucleus and acrosome Middle piece = Produces energy for movement Tail = Facilitates motility Acrosome = Contains enzymes for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For normal fertility, at least 40% of sperm must have vigorous motility.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Synthesize and secrete androgens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the seminal vesicles?

    <p>Secreting seminal plasma rich in fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epididymis is responsible for storing sperm until they are ready for ejaculation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone do Leydig cells primarily produce?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is the male external genitalia that also plays a role in erection.

    <p>penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the female reproductive system with their functions:

    <p>Ovaries = Produce female gametes and hormones Uterus = Nurtures fertilized ovum Cervix = Connects uterus to vagina Vagina = Birth canal and sexual intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the male reproductive system carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?

    <p>Vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ducts that leave the testis and open into the epididymis are called _____ efferentia.

    <p>vasa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of alveoli in the mammary glands?

    <p>To produce milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female reproductive system is the funnel-shaped structure closest to the ovary?

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endometrium does not change throughout the menstrual cycle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary sex organs in females are the testes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chromosomes in spermatids?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cavity of the __________ is known as the cervical canal.

    <p>cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of transformation from spermatids to spermatozoa is called __________.

    <p>spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the uterus is responsible for strong contractions during childbirth?

    <p>Myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what developmental stage do primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis?

    <p>At puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hymen can only be torn during sexual intercourse.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis can continue throughout a man's life without interruption.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone responsible for triggering spermatogenesis at puberty?

    <p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three layers of tissue that make up the wall of the uterus.

    <p>Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Reproduction

    • Humans are sexually reproducing and viviparous
    • Reproductive events include gametogenesis (sperm and ovum formation), insemination, fertilization, zygote formation, blastocyst formation, implantation, gestation, and parturition
    • These events typically occur after puberty
    • There are significant differences in reproductive events between males and females (e.g., sperm production continues throughout life, ovum production ceases around age 50)

    The Male Reproductive System

    • Located in the pelvic region
    • Includes testes, accessory ducts (vas deferens, epididymis), glands (prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands), and external genitalia (penis)
    • Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum, which helps maintain a lower temperature needed for sperm production (2-2.5°C lower than normal body temp)
    • Each testis contains seminiferous tubules where sperm is produced
    • Sertoli cells provide nutrition to germ cells
    • Leydig cells produce androgens (male sex hormones)
    • Accessory ducts include rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vas deferens, which transport sperm
    • Seminal vesicle, Prostate and Bulbourethral glands contribute seminal plasma (rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes needed for sperm motility) and lubrication to the semen
    • Urethra carries urine and semen to the outside via the urethral meatus
    • The penis is the male external genitalia, composed of special tissue for erection facilitating insemination
    • The glans penis is the enlarged tip of the penis, covered by a loose fold of skin called foreskin.
    • The scrotum maintains a temperature 2-2.5°C lower than the normal internal temperature
    • Testes are oval, typically 4-5 cm long and 2-3 cm wide
    • Testes have compartments called testicular lobules (with 1-3 highly coiled seminiferous tubules)
    • The male reproductive system includes rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis and vas deferens
    • Sperm production continues throughout a man's life

    The Female Reproductive System

    • Located in the pelvic region
    • Includes ovaries, oviducts (fallopian tubes), uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia (vulva/external genitalia)
    • Ovaries produce ova (ovum) and hormones like estrogen and progesterone
    • Oviducts transport the ova from the ovaries to the uterus
    • Uterus is where the fertilized ovum implants and develops into a fetus during gestation
    • Vagina is the birth canal
    • Mammary glands are part of the female reproductive system and produce milk for newborns
    • Ovaries are located in the lower abdomen
    • Ovaries are covered by a thin epithelium and stroma with a cortex and a medulla
    • Oviducts are about 10-12cm long with a funnel-shaped infundibulum and fimbriae to collect ova after ovulation
    • The uterus has three layers: perimetrium (external), myometrium (middle, muscle), and endometrium (inner, glandular)
    • External genitalia include mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen, and clitoris
    • The hymen is a membrane that may partially cover the vaginal opening and can be broken by various factors (e.g., sports, intercourse), not a reliable indicator of virginity.
    • Each ovary is about 2-4 cm long.
    • The vagina has a cervical canal
    • The female external genitalia includes Mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris
    • The clitoris is a small finger-like structure located at the juncture of the two labia minora, above the urethral opening.
    • The uterus is pear-shaped and opens to the vagina through the cervix.
    • The ovaries are connected to the pelvic wall and the uterus via ligaments.
    • Oogenesis, the process of female gamete formation, starts during fetal development and is arrested at prophase I until puberty.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the formation of mature female gametes and the stages of follicle development. This quiz covers key concepts such as the role of oogonia, primary oocytes, and the structure of the theca layer. Challenge yourself and understand the complexities of female reproductive biology.

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