Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the process of formation of a mature female gamete called?
What is the process of formation of a mature female gamete called?
- Meiosis
- Spermatogenesis
- Folliculogenesis
- Oogenesis (correct)
Oogonia are formed and added after birth.
Oogonia are formed and added after birth.
False (B)
What is the term for the primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells?
What is the term for the primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells?
Primary follicle
The __________ layer is organised into an inner theca interna and an outer theca externa.
The __________ layer is organised into an inner theca interna and an outer theca externa.
Match the following stages of follicle development with their characteristics:
Match the following stages of follicle development with their characteristics:
What structures secrete milk in the mammary glands?
What structures secrete milk in the mammary glands?
The presence of a hymen is a reliable indicator of virginity.
The presence of a hymen is a reliable indicator of virginity.
What process produces sperms in males?
What process produces sperms in males?
The primary sex organs in males are the __________.
The primary sex organs in males are the __________.
Match the following stages of spermatogenesis with their descriptions:
Match the following stages of spermatogenesis with their descriptions:
Which hormone significantly increases at puberty leading to spermatogenesis?
Which hormone significantly increases at puberty leading to spermatogenesis?
Spermatogenesis begins before puberty.
Spermatogenesis begins before puberty.
What does spermiogenesis refer to?
What does spermiogenesis refer to?
What is the primary purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?
Spermatogenesis occurs at a higher temperature than the normal body temperature.
Spermatogenesis occurs at a higher temperature than the normal body temperature.
At what age does the formation of ovum typically cease in women?
At what age does the formation of ovum typically cease in women?
The male germ cells undergo _______ divisions leading to sperm formation.
The male germ cells undergo _______ divisions leading to sperm formation.
Match the following components of the male reproductive system to their functions:
Match the following components of the male reproductive system to their functions:
Which component of the male reproductive system is responsible for hormone production?
Which component of the male reproductive system is responsible for hormone production?
Each testis contains 250 compartments known as testicular lobules.
Each testis contains 250 compartments known as testicular lobules.
What do the seminiferous tubules produce?
What do the seminiferous tubules produce?
What is the primary function of Leydig cells?
What is the primary function of Leydig cells?
The epididymis stores sperm until ejaculation.
The epididymis stores sperm until ejaculation.
Name the external opening of the urethra in the male reproductive system.
Name the external opening of the urethra in the male reproductive system.
The __________ glands produce seminal plasma, which is rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes.
The __________ glands produce seminal plasma, which is rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes.
Which of the following structures is included in the female reproductive system?
Which of the following structures is included in the female reproductive system?
The ovaries are located in the upper abdomen.
The ovaries are located in the upper abdomen.
What is the primary female gamete produced by the ovaries?
What is the primary female gamete produced by the ovaries?
What is the function of fimbriae in the infundibulum?
What is the function of fimbriae in the infundibulum?
The uterus has four layers of tissue.
The uterus has four layers of tissue.
What is the shape of the uterus described in the content?
What is the shape of the uterus described in the content?
The _________ is the passage through which the uterus opens into the vagina.
The _________ is the passage through which the uterus opens into the vagina.
What is the primary function of luteinising hormone (LH) in males?
What is the primary function of luteinising hormone (LH) in males?
Match the following parts of the female reproductive system with their functions:
Match the following parts of the female reproductive system with their functions:
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates spermatogenesis directly.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates spermatogenesis directly.
Which part of the female reproductive system undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle?
Which part of the female reproductive system undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle?
What components make up the structure of a sperm?
What components make up the structure of a sperm?
The acrosome of sperm is filled with __________ that assist in fertilization.
The acrosome of sperm is filled with __________ that assist in fertilization.
The hymen can only be torn during the first coitus.
The hymen can only be torn during the first coitus.
What are the fleshy folds of tissue that surround the vaginal opening called?
What are the fleshy folds of tissue that surround the vaginal opening called?
Match the following hormones with their respective functions:
Match the following hormones with their respective functions:
How many sperms are typically ejaculated during coitus?
How many sperms are typically ejaculated during coitus?
For normal fertility, at least 60% of ejaculated sperm must have a normal shape and size.
For normal fertility, at least 60% of ejaculated sperm must have a normal shape and size.
The __________ produces energy for the movement of the sperm's tail.
The __________ produces energy for the movement of the sperm's tail.
What occurs immediately after fertilization in human reproduction?
What occurs immediately after fertilization in human reproduction?
Sperm formation can continue throughout a man's life without cessation.
Sperm formation can continue throughout a man's life without cessation.
What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in the testes?
What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in the testes?
The male reproductive system is primarily located in the __________ region.
The male reproductive system is primarily located in the __________ region.
Testicular lobules are the compartments within each testis where sperm is produced.
Testicular lobules are the compartments within each testis where sperm is produced.
What is the role of interstitial cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the role of interstitial cells in the male reproductive system?
Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the male sex accessory ducts?
Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the male sex accessory ducts?
The uterus is located in the abdominal cavity.
The uterus is located in the abdominal cavity.
What hormone do Leydig cells primarily secrete?
What hormone do Leydig cells primarily secrete?
The enlarged end of the penis is called the __________.
The enlarged end of the penis is called the __________.
Match the following female reproductive organs with their functions:
Match the following female reproductive organs with their functions:
Which of the following glands helps in the lubrication of the penis?
Which of the following glands helps in the lubrication of the penis?
What happens to primary oocytes during embryonic development?
What happens to primary oocytes during embryonic development?
The epididymis is responsible for the production of sperm.
The epididymis is responsible for the production of sperm.
Tertiary follicles are characterized by the presence of a cavity called the antrum.
Tertiary follicles are characterized by the presence of a cavity called the antrum.
What is the function of the seminal vesicles?
What is the function of the seminal vesicles?
How many primary follicles typically remain in each ovary at puberty?
How many primary follicles typically remain in each ovary at puberty?
During oogenesis, the first meiotic division results in a large haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny __________.
During oogenesis, the first meiotic division results in a large haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny __________.
Match the stages of follicle development with their descriptions:
Match the stages of follicle development with their descriptions:
What is the primary anatomical feature described in the uterus that assists in childbirth?
What is the primary anatomical feature described in the uterus that assists in childbirth?
Fimbriae are located at the uterine opening and function to assist in sperm transport.
Fimbriae are located at the uterine opening and function to assist in sperm transport.
What structure connects the uterus to the vagina?
What structure connects the uterus to the vagina?
The __________ is a thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening in females.
The __________ is a thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening in females.
Match the female external genitalia with their descriptions:
Match the female external genitalia with their descriptions:
Which part of the oviduct leads to the uterus?
Which part of the oviduct leads to the uterus?
The endometrium does not undergo any changes during the menstrual cycle.
The endometrium does not undergo any changes during the menstrual cycle.
What is the length range of the fallopian tubes?
What is the length range of the fallopian tubes?
What is the primary function of mammary glands?
What is the primary function of mammary glands?
Spermatogenesis begins in females.
Spermatogenesis begins in females.
What is the diploid cell in the testis that forms sperm called?
What is the diploid cell in the testis that forms sperm called?
The process by which spermatids transform into spermatozoa is called ________.
The process by which spermatids transform into spermatozoa is called ________.
Match the following components of the mammary gland with their functions:
Match the following components of the mammary gland with their functions:
At which stage do primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis?
At which stage do primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis?
The presence of a hymen is a definitive sign of virginity.
The presence of a hymen is a definitive sign of virginity.
How many chromosomes are present in each haploid spermatid?
How many chromosomes are present in each haploid spermatid?
Which hormone stimulates the secretion of androgens from the Leydig cells?
Which hormone stimulates the secretion of androgens from the Leydig cells?
Androgens play an important role in the process of spermatogenesis.
Androgens play an important role in the process of spermatogenesis.
What structure covers the anterior portion of the sperm head?
What structure covers the anterior portion of the sperm head?
The __________ is filled with mitochondria which provide energy for sperm motility.
The __________ is filled with mitochondria which provide energy for sperm motility.
Match the components of the male reproductive system to their functions:
Match the components of the male reproductive system to their functions:
What is the minimum percentage of sperm that must show vigorous motility for normal fertility?
What is the minimum percentage of sperm that must show vigorous motility for normal fertility?
Sperms mature in the seminiferous tubules before being transported.
Sperms mature in the seminiferous tubules before being transported.
The __________ along with sperms constitutes the semen.
The __________ along with sperms constitutes the semen.
What is the main difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?
What is the main difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?
Primary oocytes are formed after birth and continue to multiply.
Primary oocytes are formed after birth and continue to multiply.
What is the term for the initial stage of oocyte development that is marked by the arrest in prophase-I?
What is the term for the initial stage of oocyte development that is marked by the arrest in prophase-I?
The __________ follicle is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity called the antrum.
The __________ follicle is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity called the antrum.
Match the stages of follicle development with their characteristics:
Match the stages of follicle development with their characteristics:
Which structure is responsible for maintaining the necessary low temperature for spermatogenesis?
Which structure is responsible for maintaining the necessary low temperature for spermatogenesis?
The production of sperm in males is continuous throughout their life.
The production of sperm in males is continuous throughout their life.
The male gamete is known as a __________.
The male gamete is known as a __________.
Match the following male reproductive structures with their functions:
Match the following male reproductive structures with their functions:
Which of the following structures does NOT contribute to the formation of the male reproductive system?
Which of the following structures does NOT contribute to the formation of the male reproductive system?
Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubules.
Leydig cells are located inside the seminiferous tubules.
What is formed when male and female gametes fuse?
What is formed when male and female gametes fuse?
Which of the following structures are part of the male reproductive system?
Which of the following structures are part of the male reproductive system?
The seminiferous tubules are responsible for the storage of sperm.
The seminiferous tubules are responsible for the storage of sperm.
What is the primary function of the bulbourethral glands?
What is the primary function of the bulbourethral glands?
The ejaculatory duct opens into the ________.
The ejaculatory duct opens into the ________.
Which of the following hormones is produced by the Leydig cells?
Which of the following hormones is produced by the Leydig cells?
The glans penis is covered by a fold of skin known as the foreskin.
The glans penis is covered by a fold of skin known as the foreskin.
Identify one primary male accessory gland.
Identify one primary male accessory gland.
The presence or absence of a hymen is a reliable indicator of virginity.
The presence or absence of a hymen is a reliable indicator of virginity.
What type of cells secrete milk in the mammary glands?
What type of cells secrete milk in the mammary glands?
What process transforms spermatids into spermatozoa?
What process transforms spermatids into spermatozoa?
After the first meiotic division, a primary spermatocyte produces two __________ cells.
After the first meiotic division, a primary spermatocyte produces two __________ cells.
Spermatogenesis begins at puberty due to increased secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
Spermatogenesis begins at puberty due to increased secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
What is the number of chromosomes found in each spermatid after meiosis?
What is the number of chromosomes found in each spermatid after meiosis?
What are the paired structures that contain glandular tissue and varying amounts of fat in female mammals?
What are the paired structures that contain glandular tissue and varying amounts of fat in female mammals?
What hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of androgens in males?
What hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of androgens in males?
The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes that prevent fertilization.
The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes that prevent fertilization.
The sperm head contains an elongated haploid __________.
The sperm head contains an elongated haploid __________.
Match the components of sperm with their functions:
Match the components of sperm with their functions:
Which of the following structures is essential for the maturation and motility of sperms?
Which of the following structures is essential for the maturation and motility of sperms?
Normal fertility in males requires at least 40% of sperm to exhibit vigorous motility.
Normal fertility in males requires at least 40% of sperm to exhibit vigorous motility.
What is the usual range of sperm count during human ejaculation?
What is the usual range of sperm count during human ejaculation?
The cervix connects the uterus directly to the ovary.
The cervix connects the uterus directly to the ovary.
What are the finger-like projections on the edges of the infundibulum called?
What are the finger-like projections on the edges of the infundibulum called?
The ________ is a narrow muscular tube that connects the uterus to the vagina.
The ________ is a narrow muscular tube that connects the uterus to the vagina.
Match the following parts of the female reproductive system with their descriptions:
Match the following parts of the female reproductive system with their descriptions:
Which layer of the uterine wall undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle?
Which layer of the uterine wall undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle?
The labia majora are located beneath the labia minora.
The labia majora are located beneath the labia minora.
What is the primary function of the clitoris in the female reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the clitoris in the female reproductive system?
What is the primary role of Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary role of Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary event that occurs to the primary oocyte at the tertiary follicle stage?
What is the primary event that occurs to the primary oocyte at the tertiary follicle stage?
Sperm formation in males continues throughout their entire lifespan.
Sperm formation in males continues throughout their entire lifespan.
The number of oogonia increases after birth.
The number of oogonia increases after birth.
What is the term used for the large haploid cell produced after the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte?
What is the term used for the large haploid cell produced after the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte?
What are the compartments within each testis where sperm is produced called?
What are the compartments within each testis where sperm is produced called?
The __________ is a pouch that holds the testes outside the abdominal cavity.
The __________ is a pouch that holds the testes outside the abdominal cavity.
The __________ layer surrounds the primary follicle and is made of granulosa cells.
The __________ layer surrounds the primary follicle and is made of granulosa cells.
Match the following components of the male reproductive system with their respective functions:
Match the following components of the male reproductive system with their respective functions:
Which of the following best describes the function of interstitial cells in the male reproductive system?
Which of the following best describes the function of interstitial cells in the male reproductive system?
The ideal temperature for spermatogenesis is higher than the normal body temperature.
The ideal temperature for spermatogenesis is higher than the normal body temperature.
At what temperature range must the testes be maintained for optimal sperm production?
At what temperature range must the testes be maintained for optimal sperm production?
What is the function of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the function of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the external opening called urethral meatus.
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the external opening called urethral meatus.
What is the primary function of the epididymis?
What is the primary function of the epididymis?
Match the following male accessory glands with their functions:
Match the following male accessory glands with their functions:
Which of the following substances is found in the secretions of the male accessory glands?
Which of the following substances is found in the secretions of the male accessory glands?
The primary female sex organs produce male gametes.
The primary female sex organs produce male gametes.
Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium that encloses the __________.
Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium that encloses the __________.
The fimbriae of the infundibulum assist in the collection of the ovum after ovulation.
The fimbriae of the infundibulum assist in the collection of the ovum after ovulation.
What are the three layers of tissue that make up the wall of the uterus?
What are the three layers of tissue that make up the wall of the uterus?
The cavity of the cervix is called the __________ canal.
The cavity of the cervix is called the __________ canal.
Match the following parts of the female external genitalia with their descriptions:
Match the following parts of the female external genitalia with their descriptions:
Which part of the oviduct connects to the uterus?
Which part of the oviduct connects to the uterus?
The labia minora are larger than the labia majora.
The labia minora are larger than the labia majora.
What is the process called by which spermatogonia transform into spermatozoa?
What is the process called by which spermatogonia transform into spermatozoa?
Mammary glands are present in male mammals.
Mammary glands are present in male mammals.
What type of cells in the mammary glands secrete milk?
What type of cells in the mammary glands secrete milk?
The acrosome of the sperm contains enzymes necessary for fertilization.
The acrosome of the sperm contains enzymes necessary for fertilization.
The primary sex organs that produce sperm in males are the __________.
The primary sex organs that produce sperm in males are the __________.
Which cells are stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Which cells are stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
At what stage of development are primary spermatocytes produced?
At what stage of development are primary spermatocytes produced?
The human male typically ejaculates about __________ million sperms during coitus.
The human male typically ejaculates about __________ million sperms during coitus.
Match the parts of a sperm with their functions:
Match the parts of a sperm with their functions:
The number of chromosomes in a spermatid is 46.
The number of chromosomes in a spermatid is 46.
What hormone is significantly increased at puberty to initiate spermatogenesis?
What hormone is significantly increased at puberty to initiate spermatogenesis?
Which hormone stimulates secretion of spermatogenic factors from Sertoli cells?
Which hormone stimulates secretion of spermatogenic factors from Sertoli cells?
At least 60% of sperm must exhibit normal shape and size for normal fertility.
At least 60% of sperm must exhibit normal shape and size for normal fertility.
Sperms released from the seminiferous tubules are transported by the __________ ducts.
Sperms released from the seminiferous tubules are transported by the __________ ducts.
What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?
Each testis is covered by a dense covering called the tunica albuginea.
Each testis is covered by a dense covering called the tunica albuginea.
What type of cells provide nutrition to the male germ cells in the testes?
What type of cells provide nutrition to the male germ cells in the testes?
The male reproductive system includes a pair of _______ for sperm production.
The male reproductive system includes a pair of _______ for sperm production.
Which reproductive event occurs last in the process of human reproduction?
Which reproductive event occurs last in the process of human reproduction?
Spermatogenesis ceases in older men.
Spermatogenesis ceases in older men.
What is the temperature difference maintained by the scrotum necessary for sperm production?
What is the temperature difference maintained by the scrotum necessary for sperm production?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the male accessory ducts?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the male accessory ducts?
The glans penis is covered by a loose fold of skin called the urethra.
The glans penis is covered by a loose fold of skin called the urethra.
What do the seminal vesicles secrete that contributes to seminal plasma?
What do the seminal vesicles secrete that contributes to seminal plasma?
The __________ is the external opening of the penis.
The __________ is the external opening of the penis.
Where are the ovaries located in the female body?
Where are the ovaries located in the female body?
Bulbourethral glands secrete substances that help in the lubrication of the penis.
Bulbourethral glands secrete substances that help in the lubrication of the penis.
What connects each ovary to the pelvic wall and uterus?
What connects each ovary to the pelvic wall and uterus?
What is the primary function of the fimbriae in the infundibulum of the oviduct?
What is the primary function of the fimbriae in the infundibulum of the oviduct?
The uterus, also known as the womb, has three layers of tissue.
The uterus, also known as the womb, has three layers of tissue.
What is the shape of the uterus described?
What is the shape of the uterus described?
The part of the oviduct that connects to the uterus is called the __________.
The part of the oviduct that connects to the uterus is called the __________.
Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the female external genitalia?
Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the female external genitalia?
The hymen can only be torn during coitus.
The hymen can only be torn during coitus.
What are the three layers of the uterine wall?
What are the three layers of the uterine wall?
What type of cells in the alveoli of mammary glands are responsible for milk secretion?
What type of cells in the alveoli of mammary glands are responsible for milk secretion?
What is the name of the structure where several mammary ducts join?
What is the name of the structure where several mammary ducts join?
During spermatogenesis, the diploid spermatogonia undergo a reduction division to form __________.
During spermatogenesis, the diploid spermatogonia undergo a reduction division to form __________.
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gametes in males at puberty?
Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gametes in males at puberty?
Mammary glands are characterized by a single mammary lobe.
Mammary glands are characterized by a single mammary lobe.
Name the hormone that significantly increases during puberty to start spermatogenesis.
Name the hormone that significantly increases during puberty to start spermatogenesis.
Which hormone stimulates the secretion of androgens in males?
Which hormone stimulates the secretion of androgens in males?
The head of the sperm contains a haploid nucleus and is covered by the acrosome.
The head of the sperm contains a haploid nucleus and is covered by the acrosome.
What components are essential for sperm motility?
What components are essential for sperm motility?
The _________ transports sperm from the seminiferous tubules.
The _________ transports sperm from the seminiferous tubules.
Match the following components of sperm with their functions:
Match the following components of sperm with their functions:
What percentage of sperm must show vigorous motility for normal fertility?
What percentage of sperm must show vigorous motility for normal fertility?
What happens to most primary follicles from birth to puberty?
What happens to most primary follicles from birth to puberty?
The first meiotic division of the primary oocyte is equal, resulting in two similar daughter cells.
The first meiotic division of the primary oocyte is equal, resulting in two similar daughter cells.
Spermatogenesis is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
Spermatogenesis is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
The seminal plasma along with the sperms constitutes the __________.
The seminal plasma along with the sperms constitutes the __________.
What is the term for the cells that are formed during the embryonic development stage from which mature female gametes develop?
What is the term for the cells that are formed during the embryonic development stage from which mature female gametes develop?
At puberty, the number of primary follicles left in each ovary is approximately __________.
At puberty, the number of primary follicles left in each ovary is approximately __________.
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
What structures are located outside the abdominal cavity to assist in temperature regulation for spermatogenesis?
What structures are located outside the abdominal cavity to assist in temperature regulation for spermatogenesis?
Spermatogenesis occurs at the normal internal body temperature.
Spermatogenesis occurs at the normal internal body temperature.
What is the term for the process of fusion between male and female gametes?
What is the term for the process of fusion between male and female gametes?
Each testis contains compartments known as __________.
Each testis contains compartments known as __________.
Which cells provide nutrition to the male germ cells during spermatogenesis?
Which cells provide nutrition to the male germ cells during spermatogenesis?
Formation of sperms in males ceases after a certain age.
Formation of sperms in males ceases after a certain age.
What is the primary function of the interstitial cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the interstitial cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary purpose of the Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary purpose of the Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
The epididymis is responsible for the storage of sperm until ejaculation.
The epididymis is responsible for the storage of sperm until ejaculation.
What structures transport sperm from the testes to the outside of the body?
What structures transport sperm from the testes to the outside of the body?
The __________ serves as the male external genitalia and facilitates insemination.
The __________ serves as the male external genitalia and facilitates insemination.
Which gland is responsible for secreting fluid that aids in lubrication of the penis?
Which gland is responsible for secreting fluid that aids in lubrication of the penis?
What are the primary female sex organs that produce the female gamete?
What are the primary female sex organs that produce the female gamete?
What is the name of the part of the oviduct that possesses finger-like projections to help collect the ovum?
What is the name of the part of the oviduct that possesses finger-like projections to help collect the ovum?
The endometrium is the outermost layer of the uterine wall.
The endometrium is the outermost layer of the uterine wall.
What is the primary shape of the uterus?
What is the primary shape of the uterus?
Which structure is not considered part of the female external genitalia?
Which structure is not considered part of the female external genitalia?
Match the following female structures with their functions:
Match the following female structures with their functions:
The hymen is always torn during the first intercourse.
The hymen is always torn during the first intercourse.
What supports the uterus and attaches it to the pelvic wall?
What supports the uterus and attaches it to the pelvic wall?
What is the primary function of mammary alveoli in females?
What is the primary function of mammary alveoli in females?
The primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid cells.
The primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid cells.
What is produced in the seminiferous tubules?
What is produced in the seminiferous tubules?
The hormone that increases significantly at puberty and stimulates spermatogenesis is __________.
The hormone that increases significantly at puberty and stimulates spermatogenesis is __________.
How many chromosomes do secondary spermatocytes contain?
How many chromosomes do secondary spermatocytes contain?
The presence of a hymen is a reliable indicator of a female's virginity.
The presence of a hymen is a reliable indicator of a female's virginity.
What transformation occurs during spermiogenesis?
What transformation occurs during spermiogenesis?
What happens to a large number of primary follicles from birth to puberty?
What happens to a large number of primary follicles from birth to puberty?
Oogenesis is completed after birth.
Oogenesis is completed after birth.
What is the first meiotic division in oogenesis characterized by?
What is the first meiotic division in oogenesis characterized by?
The __________ follicle has a fluid-filled cavity called antrum.
The __________ follicle has a fluid-filled cavity called antrum.
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
What role do androgens play in the male reproductive system?
What role do androgens play in the male reproductive system?
The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes that assist in the fertilization of the ovum.
The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes that assist in the fertilization of the ovum.
What is the composition of sperm?
What is the composition of sperm?
The ______ cells stimulate secretion of factors necessary for spermiogenesis.
The ______ cells stimulate secretion of factors necessary for spermiogenesis.
FSH directly stimulates spermatogenesis in the male reproductive system.
FSH directly stimulates spermatogenesis in the male reproductive system.
What is the primary role of the Leydig cells?
What is the primary role of the Leydig cells?
Which of the following structures is involved in storing sperm in the male reproductive system?
Which of the following structures is involved in storing sperm in the male reproductive system?
The glans penis is covered by a structure known as the foreskin.
The glans penis is covered by a structure known as the foreskin.
What are the primary female sex organs responsible for producing gametes?
What are the primary female sex organs responsible for producing gametes?
What type of cells in the testes provide nutrition to germ cells?
What type of cells in the testes provide nutrition to germ cells?
The __________ are the ducts that connect the testes to the urethra.
The __________ are the ducts that connect the testes to the urethra.
The male gametes are produced in the __________.
The male gametes are produced in the __________.
Match the following male accessory glands with their corresponding functions:
Match the following male accessory glands with their corresponding functions:
Match the following components of the male reproductive system with their primary functions:
Match the following components of the male reproductive system with their primary functions:
Which of these hormones is primarily responsible for regulating spermatogenesis in males?
Which of these hormones is primarily responsible for regulating spermatogenesis in males?
Testicular hormones are synthesized and secreted by Leydig cells.
Testicular hormones are synthesized and secreted by Leydig cells.
Each testis contains about 250 compartments known as testicular lobules.
Each testis contains about 250 compartments known as testicular lobules.
What components of the male reproductive system assist in lubricating the penis?
What components of the male reproductive system assist in lubricating the penis?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in the female reproductive system?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in the female reproductive system?
At what stage does the primary oocyte get temporarily arrested during oogogenesis?
At what stage does the primary oocyte get temporarily arrested during oogogenesis?
The uterus is also referred to as the womb.
The uterus is also referred to as the womb.
What are the three layers of tissue in the wall of the uterus?
What are the three layers of tissue in the wall of the uterus?
All oogonia present at birth continue to divide and form mature gametes.
All oogonia present at birth continue to divide and form mature gametes.
The part of the oviduct that joins the uterus is called the __________.
The part of the oviduct that joins the uterus is called the __________.
What structure forms around each primary oocyte?
What structure forms around each primary oocyte?
The __________ is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity known as antrum.
The __________ is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity known as antrum.
The hymen can only be torn during first intercourse.
The hymen can only be torn during first intercourse.
What is the function of the cervical canal?
What is the function of the cervical canal?
What is the primary role of the mammary lobes in female mammals?
What is the primary role of the mammary lobes in female mammals?
Spermatogenesis produces four haploid spermatids at the end of meiosis.
Spermatogenesis produces four haploid spermatids at the end of meiosis.
What initiates spermatogenesis at puberty?
What initiates spermatogenesis at puberty?
The __________ cells release sperm into the seminiferous tubules.
The __________ cells release sperm into the seminiferous tubules.
Which of the following statements about mammary glands is correct?
Which of the following statements about mammary glands is correct?
Each spermatogonium contains 46 chromosomes.
Each spermatogonium contains 46 chromosomes.
What is the end product of spermatogenesis?
What is the end product of spermatogenesis?
What is the primary function of luteinising hormone (LH) in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary function of luteinising hormone (LH) in the male reproductive system?
The acrosome of the sperm contains enzymes that help with fertilization.
The acrosome of the sperm contains enzymes that help with fertilization.
What structure in the male reproductive system is primarily responsible for the maturation of sperm?
What structure in the male reproductive system is primarily responsible for the maturation of sperm?
The __________ cells in the testes are responsible for supporting spermatogenesis.
The __________ cells in the testes are responsible for supporting spermatogenesis.
Which hormone primarily stimulates the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Which hormone primarily stimulates the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Ejaculated sperm must show at least 40% vigorous motility for normal fertility.
Ejaculated sperm must show at least 40% vigorous motility for normal fertility.
What happens to the majority of primary follicles from birth until puberty?
What happens to the majority of primary follicles from birth until puberty?
Oogenesis begins after birth.
Oogenesis begins after birth.
What is formed during the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte?
What is formed during the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte?
The __________ consists of an inner theca interna and an outer theca externa.
The __________ consists of an inner theca interna and an outer theca externa.
Match the following types of follicles with their characteristics:
Match the following types of follicles with their characteristics:
What is the name of the pouch that contains the testes?
What is the name of the pouch that contains the testes?
The process of spermatogenesis occurs in the __________ of the testes.
The process of spermatogenesis occurs in the __________ of the testes.
At what average temperature is spermatogenesis optimal?
At what average temperature is spermatogenesis optimal?
Leydig cells are responsible for sperm production.
Leydig cells are responsible for sperm production.
What is the significance of maintaining a lower temperature in the scrotum?
What is the significance of maintaining a lower temperature in the scrotum?
What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to increased levels of GnRH?
What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to increased levels of GnRH?
The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes that assist fertilization.
The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes that assist fertilization.
What is the primary function of FSH in male reproductive physiology?
What is the primary function of FSH in male reproductive physiology?
The middle piece of the sperm contains numerous __________ that provide energy for motility.
The middle piece of the sperm contains numerous __________ that provide energy for motility.
Match the following parts of a sperm with their functions:
Match the following parts of a sperm with their functions:
For normal fertility, at least 40% of sperm must have vigorous motility.
For normal fertility, at least 40% of sperm must have vigorous motility.
What is the role of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the role of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the seminal vesicles?
What is the primary function of the seminal vesicles?
The epididymis is responsible for storing sperm until they are ready for ejaculation.
The epididymis is responsible for storing sperm until they are ready for ejaculation.
What hormone do Leydig cells primarily produce?
What hormone do Leydig cells primarily produce?
The _____ is the male external genitalia that also plays a role in erection.
The _____ is the male external genitalia that also plays a role in erection.
Match the parts of the female reproductive system with their functions:
Match the parts of the female reproductive system with their functions:
Which component of the male reproductive system carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?
Which component of the male reproductive system carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?
The ducts that leave the testis and open into the epididymis are called _____ efferentia.
The ducts that leave the testis and open into the epididymis are called _____ efferentia.
What is the primary role of alveoli in the mammary glands?
What is the primary role of alveoli in the mammary glands?
Which part of the female reproductive system is the funnel-shaped structure closest to the ovary?
Which part of the female reproductive system is the funnel-shaped structure closest to the ovary?
The endometrium does not change throughout the menstrual cycle.
The endometrium does not change throughout the menstrual cycle.
The primary sex organs in females are the testes.
The primary sex organs in females are the testes.
What is the number of chromosomes in spermatids?
What is the number of chromosomes in spermatids?
The cavity of the __________ is known as the cervical canal.
The cavity of the __________ is known as the cervical canal.
The process of transformation from spermatids to spermatozoa is called __________.
The process of transformation from spermatids to spermatozoa is called __________.
Which layer of the uterus is responsible for strong contractions during childbirth?
Which layer of the uterus is responsible for strong contractions during childbirth?
At what developmental stage do primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis?
At what developmental stage do primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis?
The hymen can only be torn during sexual intercourse.
The hymen can only be torn during sexual intercourse.
Spermatogenesis can continue throughout a man's life without interruption.
Spermatogenesis can continue throughout a man's life without interruption.
What is the primary hormone responsible for triggering spermatogenesis at puberty?
What is the primary hormone responsible for triggering spermatogenesis at puberty?
Name the three layers of tissue that make up the wall of the uterus.
Name the three layers of tissue that make up the wall of the uterus.
Flashcards
Leydig cells
Leydig cells
Cells within the testes responsible for producing and releasing testosterone.
Androgens
Androgens
Male sex hormones, primarily testosterone, produced by the testes.
Rete testis
Rete testis
A network of tiny tubes within the testes where sperm cells mature.
Epididymis
Epididymis
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Vas deferens
Vas deferens
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Urethra
Urethra
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Penis
Penis
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Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
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Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis
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Scrotum
Scrotum
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Sertoli Cells
Sertoli Cells
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Seminiferous Tubules
Seminiferous Tubules
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Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis
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Optimal Temperature for Spermatogenesis
Optimal Temperature for Spermatogenesis
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Interstitial Spaces
Interstitial Spaces
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What is the infundibulum?
What is the infundibulum?
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What are fimbriae?
What are fimbriae?
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What is the ampulla?
What is the ampulla?
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What is the isthmus?
What is the isthmus?
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What is the uterus?
What is the uterus?
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What is the cervix?
What is the cervix?
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What is the perimetrium?
What is the perimetrium?
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What is the myometrium?
What is the myometrium?
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Hymen as a virginity indicator
Hymen as a virginity indicator
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Mammary Gland Structure
Mammary Gland Structure
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Spermatogonia Multiplication
Spermatogonia Multiplication
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First Meiotic Division
First Meiotic Division
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Spermiation
Spermiation
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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
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What stimulates testosterone production?
What stimulates testosterone production?
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What hormone stimulates sperm production?
What hormone stimulates sperm production?
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What is the acrosome?
What is the acrosome?
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What is spermatogenesis?
What is spermatogenesis?
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What is spermiogenesis?
What is spermiogenesis?
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Which ducts transport sperm?
Which ducts transport sperm?
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What is semen?
What is semen?
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What are androgens?
What are androgens?
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Oogenesis
Oogenesis
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Oogonia
Oogonia
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Primary follicle
Primary follicle
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Antrum
Antrum
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Unequal division in Oogenesis
Unequal division in Oogenesis
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What is the penis?
What is the penis?
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What is the foreskin?
What is the foreskin?
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What is the glans penis?
What is the glans penis?
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What are the seminal vesicles?
What are the seminal vesicles?
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What is the prostate gland?
What is the prostate gland?
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What are the bulbourethral glands?
What are the bulbourethral glands?
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What is seminal plasma?
What is seminal plasma?
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What are the ovaries?
What are the ovaries?
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What is oogenesis?
What is oogenesis?
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What are oogonia?
What are oogonia?
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What is a primary follicle?
What is a primary follicle?
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What is an antrum?
What is an antrum?
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What is the outcome of the first meiotic division during oogenesis?
What is the outcome of the first meiotic division during oogenesis?
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Testosterone Production
Testosterone Production
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Sperm Transport
Sperm Transport
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Seminal Fluid
Seminal Fluid
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What are Leydig cells?
What are Leydig cells?
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What are the male accessory ducts?
What are the male accessory ducts?
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What is the epididymis?
What is the epididymis?
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What is the vas deferens?
What is the vas deferens?
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What is the urethra?
What is the urethra?
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What are the male accessory glands?
What are the male accessory glands?
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What hormone stimulates testosterone production?
What hormone stimulates testosterone production?
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What are the interstitial spaces?
What are the interstitial spaces?
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What are alveoli?
What are alveoli?
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What is spermiation?
What is spermiation?
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What is GnRH?
What is GnRH?
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What are Sertoli cells?
What are Sertoli cells?
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Is the hymen a virginity indicator?
Is the hymen a virginity indicator?
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Where does sperm production occur?
Where does sperm production occur?
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Why are testes located in the scrotum?
Why are testes located in the scrotum?
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Male Accessory Glands
Male Accessory Glands
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Describe the structure of the mammary gland.
Describe the structure of the mammary gland.
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What is gametogenesis?
What is gametogenesis?
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What triggers the production of LH and FSH?
What triggers the production of LH and FSH?
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What hormone stimulates sperm development?
What hormone stimulates sperm development?
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What is the acrosome and what is its function?
What is the acrosome and what is its function?
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How are sperm cells transported?
How are sperm cells transported?
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What is semen and what is its composition?
What is semen and what is its composition?
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What are androgens and what is their function?
What are androgens and what is their function?
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Sperm maturation
Sperm maturation
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Mammary glands
Mammary glands
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Spermatogonia
Spermatogonia
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Hymen and virginity
Hymen and virginity
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Perimetrium
Perimetrium
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Myometrium
Myometrium
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Endometrium
Endometrium
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Clitoris
Clitoris
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Hymen
Hymen
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Labia majora
Labia majora
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Labia minora
Labia minora
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Mons pubis
Mons pubis
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What triggers the release of LH and FSH?
What triggers the release of LH and FSH?
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Where does sperm production take place?
Where does sperm production take place?
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What hormone directly stimulates sperm development?
What hormone directly stimulates sperm development?
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What structure on a sperm helps it penetrate the egg?
What structure on a sperm helps it penetrate the egg?
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How are mature sperm transported?
How are mature sperm transported?
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What is the role of the epididymis in sperm development?
What is the role of the epididymis in sperm development?
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Why are the testes located in the scrotum?
Why are the testes located in the scrotum?
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GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)
GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)
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Testosterone
Testosterone
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What hormone triggers the production of LH and FSH?
What hormone triggers the production of LH and FSH?
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Structure of the Mammary Gland
Structure of the Mammary Gland
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What is the role of spermatogonia in spermatogenesis?
What is the role of spermatogonia in spermatogenesis?
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What is the role of Rete testis in spermatogenesis?
What is the role of Rete testis in spermatogenesis?
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What is the function of the vas deferens?
What is the function of the vas deferens?
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What are the male accessory glands and what is their function?
What are the male accessory glands and what is their function?
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Structure of Mammary Glands
Structure of Mammary Glands
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Spermatogenesis process
Spermatogenesis process
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Hormonal trigger for spermatogenesis
Hormonal trigger for spermatogenesis
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Alveoli in mammary glands
Alveoli in mammary glands
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LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
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FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)
FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)
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Sperm head
Sperm head
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Acrosome
Acrosome
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What is the rete testis?
What is the rete testis?
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Alveoli
Alveoli
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Study Notes
Human Reproduction
- Humans are sexually reproducing and viviparous
- Reproductive events include gametogenesis (sperm and ovum formation), insemination, fertilization, zygote formation, blastocyst formation, implantation, gestation, and parturition
- These events typically occur after puberty
- There are significant differences in reproductive events between males and females (e.g., sperm production continues throughout life, ovum production ceases around age 50)
The Male Reproductive System
- Located in the pelvic region
- Includes testes, accessory ducts (vas deferens, epididymis), glands (prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands), and external genitalia (penis)
- Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum, which helps maintain a lower temperature needed for sperm production (2-2.5°C lower than normal body temp)
- Each testis contains seminiferous tubules where sperm is produced
- Sertoli cells provide nutrition to germ cells
- Leydig cells produce androgens (male sex hormones)
- Accessory ducts include rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vas deferens, which transport sperm
- Seminal vesicle, Prostate and Bulbourethral glands contribute seminal plasma (rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes needed for sperm motility) and lubrication to the semen
- Urethra carries urine and semen to the outside via the urethral meatus
- The penis is the male external genitalia, composed of special tissue for erection facilitating insemination
- The glans penis is the enlarged tip of the penis, covered by a loose fold of skin called foreskin.
- The scrotum maintains a temperature 2-2.5°C lower than the normal internal temperature
- Testes are oval, typically 4-5 cm long and 2-3 cm wide
- Testes have compartments called testicular lobules (with 1-3 highly coiled seminiferous tubules)
- The male reproductive system includes rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis and vas deferens
- Sperm production continues throughout a man's life
The Female Reproductive System
- Located in the pelvic region
- Includes ovaries, oviducts (fallopian tubes), uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia (vulva/external genitalia)
- Ovaries produce ova (ovum) and hormones like estrogen and progesterone
- Oviducts transport the ova from the ovaries to the uterus
- Uterus is where the fertilized ovum implants and develops into a fetus during gestation
- Vagina is the birth canal
- Mammary glands are part of the female reproductive system and produce milk for newborns
- Ovaries are located in the lower abdomen
- Ovaries are covered by a thin epithelium and stroma with a cortex and a medulla
- Oviducts are about 10-12cm long with a funnel-shaped infundibulum and fimbriae to collect ova after ovulation
- The uterus has three layers: perimetrium (external), myometrium (middle, muscle), and endometrium (inner, glandular)
- External genitalia include mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen, and clitoris
- The hymen is a membrane that may partially cover the vaginal opening and can be broken by various factors (e.g., sports, intercourse), not a reliable indicator of virginity.
- Each ovary is about 2-4 cm long.
- The vagina has a cervical canal
- The female external genitalia includes Mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris
- The clitoris is a small finger-like structure located at the juncture of the two labia minora, above the urethral opening.
- The uterus is pear-shaped and opens to the vagina through the cervix.
- The ovaries are connected to the pelvic wall and the uterus via ligaments.
- Oogenesis, the process of female gamete formation, starts during fetal development and is arrested at prophase I until puberty.
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