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Lecture 1,4,5
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Lecture 1,4,5

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of collagen in the extracellular matrix?

  • Facilitating cell communication
  • Providing tensile strength (correct)
  • Serving as a bonding agent for cells
  • Enabling stretching and recoil

    • Which specialized cell junction is primarily responsible for anchoring adjacent, non-touching cells?

  • Tight junctions
  • Adherens junctions
  • Desmosomes (correct)
  • Gap junctions

    • Where are tight junctions predominantly located in the body?

  • Between muscle cells
  • Surrounding neurons
  • Within connective tissue
  • In epithelial tissue sheets (correct)

    • Which protein serves the function of promoting cell adhesion in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Fibronectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical condition can result from compromised tight junctions in the digestive tract?

    <p>Crohn's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of junction provides a pathway for communication between adjacent cells?

    <p>Gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of elastin in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Allowing for stretching and recoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about fibronectin is true?

    <p>Lower levels are linked to tumor metastasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes desmosomes from other types of cell junctions?

    <p>They have the strongest cell-to-cell connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key anatomical location where desmosomes can be found?

    <p>Heart and Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) play in tissue structure?

    <p>They allow cells to adhere to each other, providing tissue cohesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) is correct?

    <p>The ECM helps in cell signaling and provides structural support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of tight junctions in maintaining intestinal health?

    <p>They create a barrier that prevents the passage of harmful substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Desmosomes are critical for which function within tissues?

    <p>They provide structural integrity by anchoring cells to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell junction allows for the selective exchange of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells?

    <p>Gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in tissues?

    <p>To facilitate cell anchoring and provide structural support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes CAMs from other membrane proteins?

    <p>They allow for adhesion between adjacent cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which junctional structure is primarily involved in linking the cytoskeleton of adjacent cells?

    <p>Desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model in understanding the plasma membrane?

    <p>It highlights the dynamic nature of membrane components and their interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>The ECM is composed of a combination of proteins and carbohydrates and provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play in cellular structures?

    <p>CAMs are proteins that help cells stick to each other and to their surroundings, promoting tissue integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description best defines desmosomes and their function?

    <p>Desmosomes are adhesive structures that anchor cells together, providing mechanical strength to tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tight junctions contribute to intestinal health?

    <p>Tight junctions provide a selective barrier that regulates what substances can pass through the intestinal lining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell junction provides the most significant barrier to paracellular transport?

    <p>Tight junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a key characteristic of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>It includes peroxisomes that detoxify harmful substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of junction is primarily involved in the communication between adjacent cells?

    <p>Gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural component of desmosomes?

    <p>Intermediate filaments anchoring to desmogleins and desmocollins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the function of adherens junctions?

    <p>They anchor adjacent cells together and link them to the actin cytoskeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of gap junctions in the context of cell junctions?

    <p>They serve as channels that allow passive transport of ions and small molecules between cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue organization?

    <p>Facilitating cell adhesion and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

    <p>Proteins that help cells recognize and attach to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of desmosomes in cellular structures?

    <p>Promoting mechanical strength by linking adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tight junctions contribute to intestinal health?

    <p>They create a barrier to prevent pathogen invasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cellular junction is characterized by linked cytoskeletons of adjacent cells?

    <p>Desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in relation to cell communication?

    <p>To control the movement of signaling molecules and ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly distinguishes between gap junctions and tight junctions?

    <p>Gap junctions facilitate rapid communication between cells; tight junctions prevent leakage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do intermediate filaments play in maintaining cellular integrity?

    <p>They provide rigidity and prevent mechanical stress damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is not a function of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Production of energy in the mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is involved in both muscle contraction and amoeboid movement?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Cell Theory Principles: Basic unit of life; all organisms are composed of cells; cells function based on structure.
    • Common Features of Cells: Plasma membrane, cytosol, and nucleus.
    • Diversity of Cells: Trillions of cells classified into approximately 200 types based on specific structures and functions.

    Plasma Membrane

    • Also known as the cell membrane; acts as a barrier between the cell and its environment.
    • Functions: Controls the movement of ions, waste, and nutrients; plays a role in cell-to-cell communication.
    • Composed of a thin phospholipid bilayer with proteins and some carbohydrates.

    Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

    • Abundant in connective tissue; absent in epithelial tissue.
    • Contains proteins such as collagen, elastin, and fibronectin, made mostly by fibroblasts.

    Proteins in ECM

    • Collagen: Cable-like fibers providing tensile strength; most abundant protein, constituting half of body protein by weight.
    • Elastin: Rubber-like fibers allowing stretching and recoil.
    • Fibronectin: Functions as biological glue; promotes cell adhesion; decreased levels associated with tumor metastasis.

    Specialized Cell Junctions

    • Desmosomes: Strongest cell-to-cell connections, providing additional strength; prevalent in heart, skin, and uterus.
    • Tight Junctions: Seal adjacent cells together to prevent passage between them; found in epithelial tissues like the digestive tract.
    • Gap Junctions: Communicate between adjacent cells through small tunnel-like connections, enabling signaling molecules to pass.

    Fluid Mosaic Model

    • Describes plasma membrane structure as dynamic and non-uniform.
    • Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with integral and peripheral proteins; lipids greatly outnumber proteins.

    Cellular Proteins

    • Channel Proteins: Facilitate passive transport of molecules.
    • Carrier Proteins: Transport specific molecules like glucose.
    • Enzymatic Proteins: Catalyze biochemical reactions at the membrane.
    • Receptor Proteins: Receive signals from external molecules.
    • Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs): Help cells adhere to each other.

    Cytoskeleton

    • Comprised of three main elements:
      • Microtubules: Hollow tubes providing structure and facilitating transport; essential for cilia and flagella movement.
      • Microfilaments: Composed of actin; involved in muscle contraction and amoeboid movement.
      • Intermediate Filaments: Threadlike proteins providing mechanical support.

    Cytosol

    • Often referred to as "cell gel"; site of intermediary metabolism.
    • Contains enzymes for metabolic reactions, transport vesicles for moving products, and inclusions for nutrient storage.

    Organelles and Their Functions

    • Nucleus: Houses DNA; directs protein synthesis.
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Site of protein and lipid production; Rough ER synthesizes proteins, while Smooth ER packages secretory products.
    • Golgi Complex: Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins.
    • Lysosomes: Contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down organic molecules.
    • Peroxisomes: Detoxify harmful substances using oxidative enzymes.
    • Centrioles: Essential for organizing microtubules during cell division.

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    Lecture 1,4,5.docx

    Description

    Explore the vital roles of interstitial fluid and extracellular matrix proteins in connective tissue. This quiz covers the functions of fibroblasts and collagen, detailing their significance in nutrient diffusion and tissue structure. Test your knowledge on these essential biological concepts.

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