Biology Chapter on Evolution and Speciation

<p>Reproductive barriers prevent gene flow between populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population of fish being separated by the formation of a new river. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dispersal and colonization involve a movement of individuals to a new area, while vicariance involves a physical barrier splitting a population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LUCA is the most recent ancestor of all living organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves the fusion of gametes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spermatogonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to the formation of a large secondary oocyte and a small polar body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inside the mother's body, nourished by the yolk. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viviparous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preformation states that the young animal is fully formed in the egg, while epigenesis suggests development from a gradual accumulation of building blocks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of flagellar tail (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs during fetal development and is completed at ovulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organs are composed of tissues, and are more specialized in function than tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for efficient diffusion of gases and nutrients across their bodies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilateral symmetry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radial symmetry involves dividing the body into identical halves along multiple planes, while bilateral symmetry involves dividing the body into two mirrored halves along a single plane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The level of specialization and coordination of cells, tissues, organs, and systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enable the delivery of nutrients and oxygen directly to individual cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps us understand how tissues interact to form organs and organ systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in allele frequencies in a population's gene pool (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sexual reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic Drift (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mountain range forming and separating two populations of squirrels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases genetic diversity, enhancing adaptability to changing environments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It favors alleles that increase reproductive success in a particular environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Point mutation is a change within a single gene while lateral gene transfer involves the transfer of genetic material between organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evolutionary theory by Lamarck stating characteristics are inherited from parents based on use or disuse.

Theory proposing evolution through natural selection and common descent of species.

Concept that life on Earth is constantly changing over time with hereditary continuity.

The idea that all organisms share a common ancestor, depicted as a branching tree of life.

Similar characteristics in different species due to shared ancestry, albeit with modifications.

The process where ancestral species evolve into two or more distinct species due to reproductive barriers.

Form of speciation occurring when populations are geographically isolated and evolve independently.

Process where individuals move from their population to establish a new population in a different habitat.

A process where a chance event physically separates a population into subgroups.

Speciation that occurs within the same geographical area, leading to specialization in different environmental components.

Drivers of evolutionary change include mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection.

The process of introducing new alleles and new combinations of alleles in a gene pool.

Random changes in allele frequencies that occur in a population due to chance events.

Movement of alleles between populations when individuals migrate and breed.

The process where heritable variation leads to differential survival and reproduction.

Production of offspring through the fusion of gametes from genetically different parents, enhancing diversity.

A asexual reproduction mechanism where organism divides by mitosis.

The process of producing mature gametes; includes spermatogenesis and oogenesis.

Production of male gametes in testes; involves spermatogonia and meiotic divisions.

Formation of female gametes (oocytes) in ovaries; results in one functional egg.

Reproductive strategy where eggs develop outside the body.

Fertilized eggs develop inside the body, but nourishment comes from yolk.

Live-birth strategy; embryos receive direct nourishment from the mother.

The concept that development originates after fertilization, starting with a fertilized egg containing only building materials.

The process that transforms the blastula into a layered embryo, forming germ layers.

A stage in embryonic development, consisting of a single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity.

The three layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) formed during gastrulation that give rise to different body structures.

Organisms in which the blastopore becomes the mouth during embryonic development.

Organisms where the blastopore becomes the anus, and the mouth forms later.

Reptiles, birds, and mammals whose embryos develop within an amnion, providing protection and a controlled environment.

The arrangement of biological complexity starting from protoplasmic to cellular organisms, with specialized functions.

Aggregation of similar cells organized to perform a common function.

Aggregation of tissues forming organs, usually with specialized functions.

Group of organs working together for a common function.

Balanced proportions of body parts on opposite sides of a median plane.

Symmetry found in unicellular forms, best for floating and rolling.

Divisible into similar halves by multiple planes; suited for all-around interaction.

Divisible into mirrored halves along a sagittal plane, best for movement.

The study of tissues and their structures.