Biology Chapter on Energy and the Cell

<p>Water stored behind a dam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, while the second law states that energy conversions always increase entropy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions require an input of energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical work (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By releasing energy when its phosphate bonds are broken. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds to the substrate, facilitating the reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule that binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active site, altering the enzyme's shape. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using the end product to inhibit the enzyme that produces it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents spontaneous breakdown of complex molecules in cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to begin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competitive inhibitors change the shape of the enzyme's active site, while noncompetitive inhibitors do not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphorylation activates and deactivates enzymes, regulating metabolic pathways. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The capacity to cause change or perform work.

Energy of motion, present in moving objects.

Energy possessed due to position or structure.

Potential energy available for release in reactions.

Energy in the universe is constant; it can’t be created or destroyed.

Energy conversions increase the entropy of the universe.

A chemical reaction that releases energy.

A reaction that requires energy input and stores it.

A series of chemical reactions that build or break down complex molecules.

Using energy from exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions.

The molecule that powers nearly all cellular work and energy transfer.

Transferring a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule.

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed.

The energy needed for reactants to reach a transition state so the reaction can proceed.

The specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds.

Non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in catalysis, can be inorganic or organic (coenzymes).

A molecule that blocks substrate from entering the enzyme's active site, reducing reaction speed.

A process where the end product of a reaction inhibits its own production by regulating an enzyme's activity.