Biology Chapter: ATP and Energy

<p>Catabolic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endergonic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy stored in chemical bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some energy is always lost as heat, increasing entropy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADP (adenosine diphosphate) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reaction that proceeds predominantly in one direction, such as the combustion of glucose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The minimum amount of energy required to initiate and sustain a chemical reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lower the activation energy, thereby accelerating the reaction rate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substrate binds to the enzyme's active site. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist enzymes in catalysis, often by carrying electrons or chemical groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the reaction rate until the enzymes are at saturation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enzyme undergoes denaturation, losing its 3D structure and activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds to the active site, blocking substrate binding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To a site other than the active site, also known as the allosteric site. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the final product inhibiting an earlier step in the pathway. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adenosine triphosphate consists of an adenine base, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.

ATP is the primary energy currency in cells, fueling processes like muscle contraction and transport.

Energy is released when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate, breaking bonds.

Stored energy due to position or structure, such as energy in chemical bonds.

Energy of motion, such as moving particles or heat.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Energy transformations are inefficient; some energy is lost as heat, leading to increased entropy.

Chemical reactions where two or more reactants combine to form a larger molecule.

Reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

A type of exchange reaction involving the transfer of electrons, leading to oxidation and reduction.

A reaction that proceeds in one direction only, such as combustion of glucose.

The speed at which reactants are converted to products in a chemical reaction.

The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

A chemical reaction that is accelerated by a catalyst like an enzyme.

A reaction that occurs without any catalyst, typically slower than catalyzed reactions.

Proteins with a unique 3D shape featuring an active site where substrates bind.

The region on an enzyme where substrates bind to initiate a reaction.

Non-protein molecules like metal ions or vitamins that assist enzymes in catalysis.

A form of enzyme inhibition where an inhibitor blocks the active site, preventing substrate binding.

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell or organism, often regulated by feedback.