Biology Chapter on Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the total evaluation is based on continuous assessment?

  • 50%
  • 20%
  • 60%
  • 40% (correct)

    • The endocrine system includes the adrenal gland and the pancreas.

    True

    Name one function of the female reproductive system.

    Reproduction or hormone production

    The process of urine formation occurs in the ______.

    <p>nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following glands with their primary hormones:

    <p>Hypothalamus = Releasing and inhibiting hormones Pituitary = Growth hormone Thyroid = Thyroxine Adrenal = Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a unit covered in the course content?

    <p>Gastrointestinal System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All grades below 50 are considered passing grades.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of the male reproductive system?

    <p>Sperm production or hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the ovary?

    <p>Ovarian cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysmenorrhea is a condition characterized by mild menstrual cramps.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition involves the inflammation of the cervix?

    <p>Cervicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is a condition with tissues of uterine lining growing outside of the uterus.

    <p>Endometriosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of cancer listed?

    <p>Fibrocystic breast disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ refers to a collection of symptoms occurring just before a menstrual period.

    <p>Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the disease/disorder with its description:

    <p>Cervicitis = Inflammation of the cervix usually due to an infection Fibroids = Benign tumors in the uterine wall Vaginitis = Inflammation of the vagina and vulva Fibrocystic breast disease = Abnormal cystic tissue in the breast related to the menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibrocystic breast disease is common in women between the ages of 30 and 50.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary cause of diabetic nephropathy?

    <p>Angiopathy of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kidney stones are the same as gallstones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three general categories of renal disease based on the site of disease?

    <p>Prerenal, Intrarenal, Postrenal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pyelonephritis is an infection that begins in the renal _____ and spreads to the rest of the kidney.

    <p>pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the renal disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Diabetic nephropathy = Nodular glomerulosclerosis due to diabetes mellitus Kidney stones = Solid crystals formed in the urinary tract Pyelonephritis = Infection of the renal pelvis Glomerulonephritis = Inflammation of glomeruli affecting filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of renal disease is often characterized by inadequate renal blood flow?

    <p>Prerenal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kidney stones can vary in size from a grain of sand to a basketball.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common bacterium responsible for pyelonephritis?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the principal functions of the endocrine system?

    <p>Maintenance of the internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endocrine system typically has a direct connection between its glands.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must cells possess to respond to hormonal messages?

    <p>receptor for the hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The physiological effects of hormones depend largely on their concentration in the ______.

    <p>blood and extracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the functions regulated by the endocrine system with their descriptions:

    <p>Growth = Increase in size or mass of an organism Healing = Process of recovering after injury Water balance = Regulation of fluid levels in the body Energy Metabolism = Conversion of food into energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function regulated by the endocrine system?

    <p>Digestive enzyme production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High or low hormone concentrations can lead to disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one function involved in sexual reproduction that the endocrine system regulates.

    <p>gametogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Growth Hormone (GH)?

    <p>Promotes mitosis and cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone in adulthood leads to dwarfism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the uterus?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lack of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) results in __________.

    <p>diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following disorders with their associated conditions:

    <p>Giantism = Hypersecretion of GH in youth Pituitary dwarfism = Hyposecretion of GH in childhood Acromegaly = Hypersecretion of GH in adulthood Diabetes insipidus = Lack of ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thyroglobulin produced by follicle cells in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Produce thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperthyroidism can lead to myxedema in adults.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates ______ to free Ca2+ from bone.

    <p>osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their associated cause:

    <p>Myxedema = Hypothyroidism Goiter = Low iodine levels Graves disease = Hyperthyroidism Cretinism = Iodine deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for producing corticosteroids?

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A low level of blood calcium can cause neurons to become overactive, resulting in tetany.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the adrenal glands located in relation to the kidneys?

    <p>On top of each kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course: Physiology II
    • Course code: NUR 104
    • Credit hours: 2
    • Lecturer: Peter Osei
    • Date: 29-Aug-24

    Learning Outcomes

    • Describe the mechanism of muscle contraction
    • State the hormonal secretions of the endocrine system
    • Describe the mechanism of urine formation
    • Explain the transmission of impulses in the nervous system
    • Outline the physiology of the special senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell)
    • Discuss the functions of the male and female reproductive system

    Course Content

    • Unit 1: Urinary System: Fluid and electrolyte balance; Kidney; Nephrons and functions; Formation of urine; Disorders of renal function
    • Unit 2: Reproductive System: Functions of female reproductive system; Male reproductive system and function; Some problems of both female and male reproductive system
    • Unit 3: Endocrine System: Hypothalamus; Pituitary glands and hormones; Thyroid gland and hormones; Adrenal gland and hormones; Pancreas and hormones
    • Unit 4: Gonads (glands) and hormones: Some disorders of endocrine system
    • Unit 5: Nervous System: Autonomic nerves and function; Motor and sensory nerve
    • Unit 6: Special Sensory Organs: Physiology of sight; Physiology of hearing; Sensation of taste; Sensation of smell; Tactile sensation; Some clinical problems of the nervous system and special senses
    • Unit 7: Musculoskeletal System: Physiology of muscle contraction; Physiology of smooth muscles; Chemistry of skeletal muscles including energy source; Some disorders of musculoskeletal system

    Students' Evaluation

    • Continuous assessment (40%):
      • Assignments - 20%
      • Presentation - 20%
      • Quizzes - 20%
      • Attendance - 20%
    • Mid-semester examination -20%
    • End of semester examination (60%)

    Grading System

    • A: 80-100
    • B+: 75-79
    • B: 70-74
    • C+: 65-69
    • C: 60-64
    • D+: 55-59
    • D: 50-54
    • E: 00-49

    Reading List

    • Amerman, E. (2006). Exercises for the Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory. 6th ed. Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company
    • Graff, K. Van De Graff, (1995). Concept of human anatomy & physiology. 4th ed. New York. McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
    • Gunstream, S.E (1992). Anatomy and physiology: a text-workbook. New York: W.M.C. Brown Publishers.
    • Hall, J.E. (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of Medical physiology. 12th ed. Sounders, U.S.A.
    • Martin, T. R. (1998). Essentials of human anatomy and physiology .6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
    • Saladin, K. S. (2010). Anatomy & Physiology. The unity of form and function. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education
    • Seeley, R. R; Stephens, T. D (2005). Essentials of anatomy and physiology. 5th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
    • Singh, Inderbir (2005). Anatomy and physiology for nurses. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers medical publishers.
    • Starr, c. & Macmillan, B. (2010). Human Biology. 8th ed. Bookslock, Belmont, U.S.A.
    • Van De Graaff, K., Morton, D., & Crawley, J. (2010). A Photographic Atlas for the Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory. 6th ed., Englewood, CO., Morton Publishing Company

    Instructor and Office Hours

    • Instructor: Peter Osei
    • Office: Academic Block, First floor, Room 321
    • Office Hours: By appointment
    • Telephone: 0242519481
    • Communication Email: [email protected]
    • Assignment Email: [email protected]

    Additional Topics (from subsequent pages)

    • Detailed information on the urinary system, including organs, functions, and nephrons.
    • Information on the functions of the urinary system.
    • The structure of the kidney and nephrons.
    • Details of the nephron anatomy.
    • Details of the glomerulus.
    • Detailed information on renal tubule and its functions.
    • Types of nephrons.
    • The processes of urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, secretion).
    • Components of the urinary system.
    • Details on the ureters and their functions.
    • Details on the urinary bladder and its functions.
    • Details on the urethra and its functions.
    • Hormonal regulation of water intake/output (ADH and Aldosterone).
    • The link between water and salt.
    • The thirst mechanism.
    • The renin-angiotensin mechanism.
    • Maintaining acid-base balance in blood.
    • Disorders of renal function.
    • Kidney sites susceptible to renal disease.
    • Categorization of renal disease.
    • List of renal disorders (diabetic nephropathy, kidney stones, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal failure, diabetes insipidus, urinary tract infections).
    • Diabetic nephropathy information.
    • Kidney stone information.
    • Pyelonephritis information.
    • Glomerulonephritis information.
    • Renal failure information.
    • Diabetes insipidus information.
    • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) information.
    • Male Reproductive System and Information
    • Female Reproductive System and Information
    • The role of hormones in the reproductive system.
    • Information on spermatogenesis.
    • Diseases and disorders of the male reproductive system (Benign prostatic hypertrophy, Epididymitis, Impotence, prostatitis, and testicular cancer).
    • Diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system (Breast cancer, Cervical cancer, Cervicitis, Dysmenorrhea, Endometriosis, Fibrocystic breast disease, Fibroids, Ovarian cancer).
    • External Genitalia (cont).
    • Physiology of sight in the human eye.
    • Refraction anomalies and their corrections.
    • The sense of hearing and balancing.
    • Anatomy of the ear (External, middle, internal ear).
    • The internal ear (semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea).
    • Physiology of hearing.
    • Physiology of equilibrium.
    • Location and structure of receptors in the maculae.
    • Physiology of equilibrium (tilting of the head and movement of sensors).
    • Function of the semicircular ducts.
    • Equilibrium Pathway information.
    • Musculoskeletal system description.
    • Functions of the skeletal system (movement, support, protection and blood formation).
    • Problems of the skeletal system (fractures, dislocation, sprains, arthritis, scoliosis, osteoporosis).

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the endocrine and female reproductive systems with this quiz. Questions cover gland functions, hormonal roles, and various reproductive health conditions. Challenge yourself on continuous assessment and related biological concepts.

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