Biology Chapter on DNA and Chromosomes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of chromosomes in the cell?

  • To store energy for cellular processes
  • To hold DNA and genetic information (correct)
  • To produce cellular waste materials
  • To transport nutrients across the membrane

Which of the following describes the shape of DNA?

  • Double helix (correct)
  • Circular loop
  • Flat sheet
  • Single strand

How do nucleotide bases pair in DNA?

  • Adenine pairs with Thymine (correct)
  • Adenine pairs with Cytosine
  • Cytosine pairs with Guanine without pairing
  • Guanine pairs with Thymine

What is the process called where RNA copies information from DNA?

<p>Transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does RNA serve in relation to proteins?

<p>RNA provides information from DNA to make proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are chromosomes?

A thread-like structure found in the nucleus of every human cell. Each cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes.

What is DNA?

The blueprint of life. It stores the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.

What is DNA replication?

The process of making a copy of DNA. The double helix unzips and each strand is used as a template to build a new strand.

What is Transcription?

The process of copying information from DNA onto RNA. This is the first step in protein synthesis.

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What is Translation?

The process of using RNA to build proteins. This is the final step in using the information in DNA to make a functional protein.

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Study Notes

Chromosomes

  • 46 chromosomes in each cell (23 pairs)
  • DNA coils for smaller space
  • DNA is an organism's genetic material
  • Contains growth, reproduction, and self-maintenance information

DNA Shape

  • Double helix
  • Nucleotides in the middle (like teeth of a zipper)
  • Adenine pairs with Thymine
  • Guanine pairs with Cytosine

DNA Replication

  • Makes copies of DNA
  • DNA strands unzip
  • Nucleotide bases are copied
  • Excess DNA is "junk DNA"

Chromosomes Hold

  • DNA
  • Information for making proteins

RNA

  • Single-stranded
  • Gets information from DNA to make proteins
  • Transcription: RNA copies information from DNA
  • Translation: RNA uses information to make proteins

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