Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of DNA?
What is the primary function of DNA?
RNA is double-stranded and contains thymine.
RNA is double-stranded and contains thymine.
False
What does RNA polymerase do?
What does RNA polymerase do?
It creates RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
An organism that cannot make its own food and consumes other organisms is called a __________.
An organism that cannot make its own food and consumes other organisms is called a __________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the primary purpose of transcription in the cell?
What is the primary purpose of transcription in the cell?
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Meiosis produces two identical cells.
Meiosis produces two identical cells.
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What are the two alleles present in a heterozygous genotype?
What are the two alleles present in a heterozygous genotype?
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The _____ brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
The _____ brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
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Match the following processes with their correct descriptions:
Match the following processes with their correct descriptions:
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Which of the following statements about dominant alleles is true?
Which of the following statements about dominant alleles is true?
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A zygote is formed after the fusion of two gametes.
A zygote is formed after the fusion of two gametes.
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What is the function of the ribosome?
What is the function of the ribosome?
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Study Notes
DNA and Chromosomes
- DNA is the genetic code
- Chromosomes are structures made of tightly packed DNA and proteins, organizing the DNA into manageable units.
- DNA is stored in the nucleus.
- mRNA copies the DNA code (transcription) and carries it to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes read it (translation).
DNA Structure and Function
- DNA is a code for making proteins, the building blocks of cells and controllers of bodily functions.
- DNA polymerase builds new DNA strands, ensuring accurate DNA copies before cell division.
- RNA polymerase builds RNA from a DNA template, making RNA that carries the genetic code for protein assembly.
- DNA is double-stranded, uses thymine, and stays in the nucleus.
RNA Structure and Function
- RNA is single-stranded, uses uracil, and moves to the cytoplasm.
- mRNA carries the DNA's instructions to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
- tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
- Mitosis produces 2 identical cells for growth and repair, and is a 1-cycle process producing diploid cells.
- Meiosis produces 4 unique cells for reproduction (sperm/egg), and is a 2-cycle process producing haploid cells.
- Meiosis involves homologous chromosome pairing and recombination (crossing over), which is absent in mitosis.
Vocabulary
- Autotroph: Organism that makes its own food.
- Heterotroph: Organism that cannot make its own food and consumes other organisms.
- Histones: Proteins that pack and organize DNA.
- Haploid: Cell with half the usual number of chromosomes.
- Diploid: Cell with two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).
- Mitochondria: Produces energy for the cell via cellular respiration.
- DNA Polymerase: Enzyme that copies DNA.
- RNA Polymerase: Enzyme that makes RNA from a DNA template.
- Homolog: Similar chromosomes from each parent that pair during meiosis.
- Ortholog: Similar genes in different species from a common ancestor.
Key Cellular Processes
- Transcription: DNA to mRNA (nucleus)
- Translation: mRNA to protein (ribosome)
- Genetic Recombination: Process of DNA exchange between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity.
- Gene: Segment of DNA providing instructions for a protein.
- Genome: Complete set of an organism's DNA.
- Genotype: Genetic makeup, combination of alleles.
- Ribosome: Cell structure that builds proteins by reading mRNA and linking amino acids.
- Allele: Version of a gene.
- Homozygous: Two identical alleles.
- Heterozygous: Two different alleles.
- Nucleus: Cell control center housing DNA.
- Zygote: Fertilized egg.
Punnett Square
(No further elaboration given)
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to DNA and chromosomes, including their structures, functions, and roles in genetic coding and protein synthesis. It also highlights processes such as transcription and translation, and contrasts mitosis with meiosis. Test your knowledge on these fundamental topics in molecular biology.
