Biology Chapter on Digestion and Cell Structure

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Questions and Answers

What is the proximal portion of the small intestine?

Cecum

Ileum

Jejunum

Duodenum (correct)

Where does the first mechanical processing of food occur?

Oral cavity (correct)

Esophagus

Large intestine

Stomach

What term describes the release of water, acids, enzymes, and buffers by the digestive epithelium?

Absorption

Digestion

Excretion

Secretion (correct)

Which structure is involved in absorbing nutrients from digested food?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for creating bile, a substance important for digestion?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which three structures are found in the nucleus?

Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the valence shell of an atom?

The outermost ring of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

The structure that separates cell contents from the external environment Signup and view all the answers

How many layers compose the cell membrane or plasma membrane?

Two layers of phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons do MOST atoms need in their outermost shell to achieve stability?

8 Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle generates microtubules for the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Centrioles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical bond involves the transferring of electrons?

Ionic Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical bond is characterized by the sharing of electrons between two atoms?

Covalent Signup and view all the answers

Which structure modifies, packages, and ships proteins throughout the cell?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a specific property of water?

Low viscosity Signup and view all the answers

What role do mitochondria play in the cell?

Producing ATP through energy generation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the cytoplasm?

It is the jelly-like fluid within the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure helps to maintain the shape of the cell and enables movement?

Cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aldosterone?

Regulates sodium and potassium levels Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for making collecting ducts permeable to water?

ADH Signup and view all the answers

Micturition refers to which of the following processes?

The act of voiding the bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a signal for aldosterone release?

Low plasma sodium concentration Signup and view all the answers

What type of pills do diuretics typically refer to?

Medications that promote urine production Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the sperm contains lysozyme-like enzymes?

Acrosome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of ADH?

It conserves water in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

A primary effect of aldosterone is to:

Regulate blood pressure indirectly Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of micturition primarily involve?

Expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of ADH?

Dehydration or high plasma osmolarity Signup and view all the answers

White blood cells are guided to invading pathogens through which mechanism?

Positive chemotaxis Signup and view all the answers

Blood flowing out of a capillary flows into which type of vessel?

Venule Signup and view all the answers

Another name for blood pressure is?

Hydrostatic pressure Signup and view all the answers

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures is known as?

Pulse pressure Signup and view all the answers

The measured blood pressure reflects the pressure in which part of the circulatory system?

Arteries Signup and view all the answers

Opposition to blood flow in the entire cardiovascular system is referred to as?

Total peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms defines the top number in a blood pressure reading?

Systolic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for stopping blood flow during injury?

Coagulation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT directly influence blood pressure?

Tissue oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the fluid pressure inside a blood vessel?

Hydrostatic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of resistance on blood flow?

Resistance decreases blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Sympathetic neurons influence blood pressure in what way?

They increase blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tricuspid valve?

It separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during systole?

The heart chambers are contracting. Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood do red blood cells primarily transport?

Oxygenated blood Signup and view all the answers

How do red blood cells function in the immune response?

They do not participate in the immune response. Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood to the heart?

Vena cavae Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

BIO 112 Lecture 1 Quiz Results

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body.
Physiology is the study of the function of the human body.
Structure determines function (anatomy and physiology relationship).
Regional anatomy is the study of structures in a specific area of the body.
Anterior refers to the front of the body
Posterior refers to the back of the body
Medial refers to the middle of the body.
Proximal refers to a point close to the origin or point of attachment; distal refers to a point far from the origin or point of attachment
Various body regions and anatomical terms matched with their corresponding locations (questions 9 and 10).
The lymphatic system is responsible for immunity.
The endocrine system regulates body processes by hormones and is responsible for reproduction.
The cardiovascular system transports blood throughout the body.
The digestive system breaks food into absorbable nutrients.
The urinary system eliminates wastes, regulates water balance, and regulates electrolyte balance.
The integumentary system is the location of sensory receptors, sweat, and oil glands.
Most atoms need 8 electrons in the outermost shell to be stable.
Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons.
Ionic bonds involve transferring electrons.
Water has specific properties such as heat capacity, solvent and cushioning properties.
pH neutral is 7.
Acids taste sour and release protons.
Bases taste sour and accept protons.
A buffer is a substance that maintains pH limits in the human body (question 39).
Carbohydrates are a major source of energy for the human body (question 40).
Steroids are chemical messengers in the body (question 41).
Amino acids are basic building blocks for proteins (question 42).
Cytosine, adenine, thymine, and guanine are found in DNA (question 43).
Cytosine, uracil, guanine, and adenine are found in RNA (question 44).
The cell is the basic structure and functional unit of living organisms (question 45).

BIO 112 Lecture Additional Quiz Questions

Atoms—Molecules—Cells—Tissues—Organism (question 19).
Homeostasis maintains relatively stable internal conditions even when external factors change (question 20).
Feedback loops are components of a system including the effector, swing buffer, receptor, and control center (question 21).
Steps in a negative feedback loop include receptor detecting change, the control center receiving input, the effector responding to return the environment to stable levels (question 23).
Maintaining a normal body temperature is crucial for optimal metabolic function preventing proteins from breaking down rapidly or slowing down to a point where reactions stall, and eventually death occurs (question 25).
Electrical energy is related to electromagnetic spectrum; mechanical energy to movement of matter; and mechanical energy to chemical bond breaking (questions 26-28).
An atom's outermost ring of electrons is the valence shell (question 29).
Basic anatomical and physiological concepts including planes and sections of the body.
Correct matching of anatomical terms to specific body regions.
Major functions of different systems (nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, etc). (Questions 12 and 13)

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in biology, focusing on the processes of digestion and the structure and functions of cells. This quiz covers essential topics such as the small intestine, cell membrane functions, and chemical bonding. Perfect for students studying biology at any level.