Biology Chapter on Digestion and Cell Structure
46 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the proximal portion of the small intestine?

  • Cecum
  • Ileum
  • Jejunum
  • Duodenum (correct)

Where does the first mechanical processing of food occur?

  • Oral cavity (correct)
  • Esophagus
  • Large intestine
  • Stomach

What term describes the release of water, acids, enzymes, and buffers by the digestive epithelium?

  • Absorption
  • Digestion
  • Excretion
  • Secretion (correct)

Which structure is involved in absorbing nutrients from digested food?

<p>Small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for creating bile, a substance important for digestion?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which three structures are found in the nucleus?

<p>Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valence shell of an atom?

<p>The outermost ring of electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>The structure that separates cell contents from the external environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many layers compose the cell membrane or plasma membrane?

<p>Two layers of phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons do MOST atoms need in their outermost shell to achieve stability?

<p>8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle generates microtubules for the mitotic spindle during cell division?

<p>Centrioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical bond involves the transferring of electrons?

<p>Ionic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical bond is characterized by the sharing of electrons between two atoms?

<p>Covalent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure modifies, packages, and ships proteins throughout the cell?

<p>Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a specific property of water?

<p>Low viscosity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do mitochondria play in the cell?

<p>Producing ATP through energy generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the cytoplasm?

<p>It is the jelly-like fluid within the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure helps to maintain the shape of the cell and enables movement?

<p>Cytoskeleton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aldosterone?

<p>Regulates sodium and potassium levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for making collecting ducts permeable to water?

<p>ADH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Micturition refers to which of the following processes?

<p>The act of voiding the bladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a signal for aldosterone release?

<p>Low plasma sodium concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pills do diuretics typically refer to?

<p>Medications that promote urine production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the sperm contains lysozyme-like enzymes?

<p>Acrosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of ADH?

<p>It conserves water in the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A primary effect of aldosterone is to:

<p>Regulate blood pressure indirectly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of micturition primarily involve?

<p>Expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of ADH?

<p>Dehydration or high plasma osmolarity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

White blood cells are guided to invading pathogens through which mechanism?

<p>Positive chemotaxis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood flowing out of a capillary flows into which type of vessel?

<p>Venule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Another name for blood pressure is?

<p>Hydrostatic pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures is known as?

<p>Pulse pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The measured blood pressure reflects the pressure in which part of the circulatory system?

<p>Arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Opposition to blood flow in the entire cardiovascular system is referred to as?

<p>Total peripheral resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms defines the top number in a blood pressure reading?

<p>Systolic pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for stopping blood flow during injury?

<p>Coagulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT directly influence blood pressure?

<p>Tissue oxygenation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the fluid pressure inside a blood vessel?

<p>Hydrostatic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of resistance on blood flow?

<p>Resistance decreases blood flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?

<p>Left ventricle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sympathetic neurons influence blood pressure in what way?

<p>They increase blood pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tricuspid valve?

<p>It separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during systole?

<p>The heart chambers are contracting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood do red blood cells primarily transport?

<p>Oxygenated blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do red blood cells function in the immune response?

<p>They do not participate in the immune response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood to the heart?

<p>Vena cavae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mechanical energy

Energy related to the movement of matter.

Atom's valence shell

The outermost ring of electrons in an atom.

Stable outermost electron shell

Most atoms have 8 electrons in their outermost shell to be stable.

Ionic bond

A chemical bond where electrons are transferred from one valence shell to another.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Covalent bond

A chemical bond where electrons are shared between the valence shells of two atoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Membrane

The membrane surrounding the cell, separating its contents from the external environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing the cell's DNA.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mitochondria

The energy-producing structures of the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like fluid within the cell, containing various organelles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nuclear Component

The nucleus contains chromatin, nucleolus and nuclear envelope.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Membrane Composition

The cell membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Membrane Function

The cell membrane separates the cell contents from the external environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleus Components

Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and chromatin are parts of the cell nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the first place of mechanical food processing?

The oral cavity, also known as the mouth, is where mechanical food processing begins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What's the proximal portion of the small intestine?

The duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine, connecting to the stomach.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the term for the release of digestive fluids?

Secretion refers to the release of water, acids, enzymes, and buffers by the digestive epithelium.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gastric distention

The feeling of fullness experienced after eating a large meal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the function of the ileum?

The ileum is the final part of the small intestine, primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Erythropoiesis

The process of red blood cell production, primarily occurring in the bone marrow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aldosterone

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Angiotensinogen

A protein produced in the liver that acts as a precursor to angiotensin I, a key component in regulating blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ADH (Anti-diuretic Hormone)

A hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland that promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, resulting in concentrated urine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aldosterone Release Signals

The release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands is triggered by high plasma potassium levels and the presence of angiotensin II.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Micturition

The process of urinating or voiding the bladder.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diuretics

Substances that increase urine production, often used to reduce blood pressure or treat fluid retention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lysozyme-like Enzymes

Enzymes that help break down bacterial cell walls, found in various bodily fluids like tears and saliva.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tidal Volume

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sertoli Cells

Cells in the testes that support and nourish developing sperm cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Blood pressure

The force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels, primarily arteries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Resistance

The opposition to blood flow, caused by factors like blood vessel diameter and viscosity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Systole

The contraction phase of the heart, where chambers pump blood out.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that increases blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Left Ventricle

The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tricuspid Valve

A heart valve that controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Red Blood Cells

Blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vena Cavae to Aorta

The path of blood flow through the heart: starting from vena cavae, through right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Positive Chemotaxis

The movement of cells, such as white blood cells, towards a higher concentration of a chemical attractant, often released by invading pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Venule

A small blood vessel that carries blood from capillaries towards veins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hydrostatic Pressure

The pressure exerted by a fluid against the walls of its container, in this case, blood pressure within blood vessels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pulse Pressure

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Total Peripheral Resistance

The overall resistance to blood flow in the entire circulatory system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Systolic Pressure

The maximum pressure in the arteries during ventricular contraction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vascular Resistance

The resistance to blood flow within blood vessels caused by factors like vessel diameter and blood viscosity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

BIO 112 Lecture 1 Quiz Results

  • Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body.
  • Physiology is the study of the function of the human body.
  • Structure determines function (anatomy and physiology relationship).
  • Regional anatomy is the study of structures in a specific area of the body.
  • Anterior refers to the front of the body
  • Posterior refers to the back of the body
  • Medial refers to the middle of the body.
  • Proximal refers to a point close to the origin or point of attachment; distal refers to a point far from the origin or point of attachment
  • Various body regions and anatomical terms matched with their corresponding locations (questions 9 and 10).
  • The lymphatic system is responsible for immunity.
  • The endocrine system regulates body processes by hormones and is responsible for reproduction.
  • The cardiovascular system transports blood throughout the body.
  • The digestive system breaks food into absorbable nutrients.
  • The urinary system eliminates wastes, regulates water balance, and regulates electrolyte balance.
  • The integumentary system is the location of sensory receptors, sweat, and oil glands.
  • Most atoms need 8 electrons in the outermost shell to be stable.
  • Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons.
  • Ionic bonds involve transferring electrons.
  • Water has specific properties such as heat capacity, solvent and cushioning properties.
  • pH neutral is 7.
  • Acids taste sour and release protons.
  • Bases taste sour and accept protons.
  • A buffer is a substance that maintains pH limits in the human body (question 39).
  • Carbohydrates are a major source of energy for the human body (question 40).
  • Steroids are chemical messengers in the body (question 41).
  • Amino acids are basic building blocks for proteins (question 42).
  • Cytosine, adenine, thymine, and guanine are found in DNA (question 43).
  • Cytosine, uracil, guanine, and adenine are found in RNA (question 44).
  • The cell is the basic structure and functional unit of living organisms (question 45).

BIO 112 Lecture Additional Quiz Questions

  • Atoms—Molecules—Cells—Tissues—Organism (question 19).
  • Homeostasis maintains relatively stable internal conditions even when external factors change (question 20).
  • Feedback loops are components of a system including the effector, swing buffer, receptor, and control center (question 21).
  • Steps in a negative feedback loop include receptor detecting change, the control center receiving input, the effector responding to return the environment to stable levels (question 23).
  • Maintaining a normal body temperature is crucial for optimal metabolic function preventing proteins from breaking down rapidly or slowing down to a point where reactions stall, and eventually death occurs (question 25).
  • Electrical energy is related to electromagnetic spectrum; mechanical energy to movement of matter; and mechanical energy to chemical bond breaking (questions 26-28).
  • An atom's outermost ring of electrons is the valence shell (question 29).
  • Basic anatomical and physiological concepts including planes and sections of the body.
  • Correct matching of anatomical terms to specific body regions.
  • Major functions of different systems (nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, etc). (Questions 12 and 13)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

BIO 112 Lecture 1 Version A - Results PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in biology, focusing on the processes of digestion and the structure and functions of cells. This quiz covers essential topics such as the small intestine, cell membrane functions, and chemical bonding. Perfect for students studying biology at any level.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser