Biology Chapter on Chemical Reactions

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Questions and Answers

The opposite of a dehydration synthesis reaction is a hydrolysis reaction.

True (A)

When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water ______.

  • Na+ and Cl- become separated by their Van der Waals forces
  • Na+ and Cl- form polar covalent bonds with each other
  • Na+ and Cl- form hydrogen bonds with water
  • Ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl- are broken (correct)
  • Na+ and Cl- form ionic bonds with each other

Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) _______, the protein is in a(n) _______, and the cells are in a(n) _______.

  • emulsion; solution; suspension
  • solvent; emulsion; colloid
  • suspension; colloid; solution
  • solution; colloid; suspension (correct)
  • colloid; suspension; solution

Flashcards

Hydrolysis reaction

A chemical reaction that breaks bonds by adding water.

Ionic bonds in water

Ionic bonds are disrupted when substances dissolve in water.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Colloid

A mixture where smaller particles are suspended but not dissolved.

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Lowest H+ concentration

Household ammonia has the highest pH, thus lowest H+ concentration.

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Decomposition reaction

A reaction where compounds break down into simpler substances.

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Monosaccharide

The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules.

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Polysaccharide

Carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharide units.

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Hydrophobic molecules

Molecules that do not interact well with water.

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Covalent bonds in water

Covalent bonds break apart in water less easily than ionic bonds.

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pH of blood plasma

The normal pH of blood plasma is about 7.4, indicating slight alkalinity.

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Heat capacity of water

Water can absorb a lot of heat before its temperature changes significantly.

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Acidic pH

A pH less than 7, indicating higher H+ concentration.

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Alkaline pH

A pH greater than 7, indicating lower H+ concentration.

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Digestion of starch

An enzymatic process transforming starch into glucose.

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Hydrophilic molecules

Molecules that interact well with water and can dissolve in it.

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Protein in blood

Complex molecules that serve various functions in the body, suspended in colloids.

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Chemical bond strength

Ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds in a solution.

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Blood components

Blood is made up of NaCl (solution), proteins (colloids), and cells.

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Synthesis reaction

A type of reaction where simpler substances combine to form a more complex product.

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Dehydration synthesis

A reaction where two molecules bond by losing water.

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pH scale

A measure of hydrogen ion concentration, indicating acidity or alkalinity.

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Household ammonia

A substance with a high pH, indicating low H+ concentration.

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Acidic substances

Substances with a pH less than 7, indicating higher H+ concentration.

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Alkaline substances

Substances with a pH greater than 7, indicating lower H+ concentration.

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Glucose

A simple sugar that is a primary energy source for cells.

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Starch

A polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants.

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Hydrophobic substances

Substances that do not mix well with water.

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Hydrophilic substances

Substances that easily mix or dissolve in water.

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Digestive enzymes

Proteins that aid in breaking down food into simpler molecules.

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Covalent vs. Ionic bonds

Covalent bonds do not easily break in water compared to ionic bonds.

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Study Notes

Question 4

  • The opposite of a dehydration synthesis reaction is a hydrolysis reaction.
  • This statement is TRUE.

Question 5

  • When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water, ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl− are broken.
  • Na+ and Cl− form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 6

  • Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. NaCl is in a solution, the protein is in a colloid, and the cells are in a suspension.

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