Biology Chapter on Cell Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between hair and a hair follicle?

  • A hair follicle is a tiny pore on the skin through which hair emerges.
  • A hair follicle is a sheath of epithelial cells that surrounds and supports the hair shaft. (correct)
  • A hair is a type of follicle that emerges from the surface of the skin.
  • A hair follicle is a type of hair that grows beneath the skin's surface.

    • Melanocytes, cells found in the epidermis, are responsible for:

  • Detecting touch sensations and transmitting them to the nervous system.
  • Synthesizing melanin, a pigment that contributes to skin color. (correct)
  • Generating sweat for thermoregulation.
  • Producing keratin, a fibrous protein that strengthens the skin.

    • Which skin layer is primarily responsible for the strength and flexibility of the skin?

  • Hypodermis
  • Dermis (correct)
  • Subcutaneous layer
  • Epidermis

    • What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?

    <p>Producing sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of heat loss from the body?

    <p>Evaporation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue?

    <p>Dense connective tissue contains a higher proportion of collagen fibers, making it stronger. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the air sacs of the lungs, allowing for efficient gas exchange?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue?

    <p>Connective tissue is highly vascularized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cilia in cells?

    <p>To move substances along the cell surface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?

    <p>Pinocytosis brings in small amounts of liquid while phagocytosis brings in large solid particles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does osmotic pressure affect the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?

    <p>Water moves from a high osmotic pressure area to a low osmotic pressure area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?

    <p>Exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts, while endocrine glands release their secretions directly into the bloodstream. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Origin of human cell

    Human cells originate from a zygote formed by fertilization.

    Cell membrane function

    The cell membrane regulates entry and exit of substances, provides protection, and communicates with other cells.

    Selectively permeable

    A property of cell membranes that allows certain substances to pass while blocking others.

    Diffusion

    The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, aiding in gas exchange.

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    Osmosis

    The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

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    Hypertonic solution

    A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to lose water.

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    Epithelial tissue

    A tissue type that covers body surfaces and lines cavities and organs, characterized by closely packed cells.

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    Exocrine vs. Endocrine glands

    Exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to the outside; endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

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    Integumentary System

    The organ system that includes the skin and its appendages.

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    Layers of the Epidermis

    The epidermis consists of five layers: stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale.

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    Functions of Skin

    Skin serves six main functions: protection, sensation, temperature regulation, excretion, immunity, and synthesis of vitamin D.

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    Sebaceous Glands

    Glands in the skin that secrete oil (sebum) to lubricate and protect skin and hair.

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    Burn Degrees

    Burns are classified into three degrees: first-degree (superficial), second-degree (partial thickness), third-degree (full thickness).

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    Study Notes

    Cells

    • Cells originate from pre-existing cells
    • Major cell components interact to perform functions
    • Cell membranes have a structure with specific functions, including selective permeability
    • Cilia, flagella, and cell adhesion molecules facilitate cell movement
    • Selectively permeable membranes control substance passage across cell membranes
    • Membrane structure involves specific chemical compositions
    • Intercellular junctions connect cells in various ways
    • Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cilia, flagella, vesicles and microtubules are cell components with specific functions
    • Nucleus contains genetic material and controls cellular functions
    • Diffusion facilitates gas exchange within the body
    • Osmosis involves solvent movement across membranes
    • Osmotic pressure depends on solute concentration
    • Hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions have differing solute concentrations
    • Filtration moves substances through capillary walls
    • Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are forms of cellular uptake
    • Mitosis and interphase are part of the cell cycle
    • Differentiation is cell specialization

    Tissues

    • Tissues are groups of cells with similar structure and function
    • Four major tissue types in the human body
    • Epithelial tissues cover surfaces and line cavities within the body
    • Epithelial tissues anchor to connective tissues via the basement membrane
    • Epithelial tissues lack blood vessels, are tightly packed, and heal quickly
    • Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flattened cells facilitating diffusion
    • Glands can be exocrine (secrete substances onto a surface) or endocrine (secrete substances into the bloodstream)
    • Serous cells secrete watery fluid, mucous cells secrete thick mucus
    • Connective tissue supports and connects other tissues
    • Connective tissue includes fibers and ground substance
    • Collagen and elastin are common connective tissue fibers
    • Loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue differ in cell density and fiber arrangement
    • Adipose tissue stores energy and cushions organs
    • Cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage) provides support and structure
    • Blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) transports substances and defends against disease
    • Muscle tissues (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) facilitate movement
    • Nervous tissue transmits signals throughout the body
    • Membranes line body cavities or cover organs

    Integumentary System

    • Integumentary system is the skin
    • Skin's main functions (protection, temperature regulation, sensation, excretion, Vitamin D production)
    • Subcutaneous layer insulates and connects
    • Epidermis/dermis layers make up the skin
    • Melanocytes produce melanin influencing skin color
    • Sebaceous glands secrete sebum
    • Body temperature regulation involves radiation, conduction, convection
    • Three physiological factors that affect skin color (melanin, blood flow, carotene)
    • First-, second-, and third-degree burns vary in severity
    • Aging affects skin in various ways

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    Related Documents

    Study Guide: Cells, Tissues, and Skin PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of cell biology in this quiz based on cell structure and function. Test your understanding of key components like the nucleus, organelles, and membrane dynamics. Delve into the interactions and processes that make up cellular life.

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