Biology Chapter on Carbohydrates and Lipids
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a hexose?

  • Ribulose
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Galactose
  • Ribose

Fructose is derived from the disaccharide lactose.

False (B)

What is the main component of the exoskeleton of arthropods?

Chitin

The disaccharide _________ is formed from one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose.

<p>lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following carbohydrates with their descriptions:

<p>Starch = Formed in granules; energy store in plants Glycogen = Energy reserve carbohydrate in animals Cellulose = Most abundant carbohydrate in plants Pectin = Found in plant cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is primarily known for serving as a source of energy in organisms?

<p>Triglycerides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All fats are solid at room temperature.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of phospholipids?

<p>Glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

Examples of lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and __________.

<p>steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of lipid with its function:

<p>Waxes = Act as structural components Triglycerides = Energy storage Steroids = Hormonal functions Phospholipids = Form cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural role of cholesterol-steroids?

<p>Cell membrane structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Steroid hormones in vertebrates include only testosterone and progesterone.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one type of higher molecular weight compounds found in waxes.

<p>Higher alcohols or fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

___ hormones are produced by the adrenal glands and include cortisone.

<p>Steroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following substances to their descriptions:

<p>Cholesterol = Plays a structural role Progesterone = A sex hormone Cortisone = Adrenal gland hormone Waxes = Mix of higher alcohols and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary element that all organic compounds contain?

<p>Carbon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins are composed of nucleotides linked together by peptide bonds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of biomolecules?

<p>Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in many carbohydrates is C : H : O = __ : __ : __.

<p>1 : 2 : 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of biomolecules with their functions:

<p>Proteins = Provide structure and support Carbohydrates = Source of energy Nucleic Acids = Store and transmit genetic information Lipids = Energy storage and cell membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond links nucleotides in nucleic acids?

<p>Phosphodiester bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Monomers are larger molecules formed from repetitive linking of smaller units.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sugars in cellular functions?

<p>Provide energy and serve as building blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Organic Compounds

Complex molecules containing carbon that are essential for life's structures and functions.

Biomolecules

Large molecules crucial for biological processes, made up of smaller subunits.

Monomer

The repeating subunits that combine to form larger polymers.

Polymer

Large molecules formed from repeating monomers.

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Proteins

Macromolecules made of amino acids.

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Peptide Bond

The bond that connects amino acids in a protein.

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Carbohydrates

Essential biomolecules providing energy and structure, with the formula (CHâ‚‚O)â‚™.

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Carbon Valency

Carbon forms four covalent bonds with other atoms.

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Steroid-4 Carbohydrate System

A system that describes the relationship between steroids (like cholesterol and hormones) and carbohydrates in biological processes.

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Cholesterol (Steroid)

A type of steroid that plays a structural role in cell membranes, providing flexibility and stability.

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Steroid Hormones

Important signaling molecules involved in regulating various processes in vertebrates, including sexual development and response to stress.

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Sex Hormones

Steroid hormones that influence sexual development and reproduction, such as progesterone and testosterone.

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Adrenal Hormones

Steroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands, including cortisone and corticosteroids, that help regulate stress response and metabolism.

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Lipids

Organic compounds that are insoluble in water and have high molecular weight. They are essential for energy storage, structural components, and hormone production.

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Triglycerides

Simple lipids composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. They serve as a major energy source and storage form in organisms.

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Fatty Acids

Building blocks of triglycerides and phospholipids. They can be saturated (solid at room temperature) or unsaturated (liquid at room temperature).

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Phospholipids

Complex lipids with a crucial structural role in forming cell membranes. They are composed of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

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Steroids

Lipids that act as precursors to hormones like testosterone and estrogen. They are also components of cell membranes.

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