Biology Chapter: Human Respiratory System

<p>It decreases to allow air to rush in. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reacts with carbon dioxide to become cloudy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are tiny air sacs that provide a surface for gas exchange (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It raises the ribs, increasing lung volume. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diaphragm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 750 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The trachea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflating the lungs (A), Expanding the chest cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plastic bottle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The balloons fully deflate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest size increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To filter and exchange gases in the respiratory system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathing is a mechanical process that involves air movement, whereas respiration is biochemical involving gas exchange. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rib muscles and diaphragm muscles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ribs move downwards and inwards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathing is a mechanical process to facilitate gas exchange necessary for respiration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To release energy from food by oxidation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They trap dust, smoke, and microbes from the air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles are dislodged and expelled from the nasal cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>16-18 times per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases to approximately 25 times per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast running (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathe normally and count breaths for one minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathing rates under various conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrowing of the airways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy is produced from glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing with blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchial tube inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wheezing while exhaling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older adults (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest X-rays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortness of breath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down glucose for energy production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moving fresh air into the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By giving BCG injections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results in inflammation of the alveolar walls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used air is expelled from the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exhaled air has less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than inhaled air.

The process of taking air into the lungs.

The process of breathing air out of the lungs.

Exhaled air contains significantly more carbon dioxide than inhaled air.

During inhalation, the space in the chest (thoracic cavity) increases, decreasing air pressure in the lungs, causing air to enter.

The process of taking in oxygen-rich air and releasing carbon dioxide-rich air.

Exchange of gases between blood and air, and between blood and cells, along with food being oxidized in cells.

Ribs moving, diaphragm moving to let air in and out.

The rubber sheet in the breathing model represents the chest cavity, which expands and contracts to allow air into and out of the lungs.

When the rubber sheet is pulled down, the balloons inflate, simulating the process of inhalation where the lungs fill with air.

When the rubber sheet is released, the balloons deflate, representing exhalation as the lungs expel air.

Pulling the rubber sheet down increases the space inside the bottle, representing the expansion of the chest cavity during inhalation. This decrease in pressure within the bottle pulls air into the balloons, simulating air entering the lungs.

Chest cavity size increases during inhalation when air is drawn into the lungs, and decreases during exhalation as air is expelled.

The larynx is the upper part of the trachea (windpipe), also known as the voice box or Adam's apple. It connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps produce sound through vocal cord vibrations.

The trachea, or windpipe, carries air from the nasal passages to the lungs. It branches into two bronchi, one for each lung.

The lungs are spongy, elastic organs responsible for gas exchange. They're enclosed in the thoracic cavity, protected by ribs and the sternum.

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs, providing a huge surface area for gas exchange. They're covered with blood capillaries, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to leave.

A large, muscular diaphragm separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. It helps with breathing by expanding and contracting.

Respiration is the process of taking in oxygen from the environment, breaking down food (glucose) to release energy and carbon dioxide. It's how our bodies obtain energy from food.

The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide. It includes the lungs, trachea, bronchi, and other organs.

When we breathe through the nose, the air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in the nasal passages. This ensures clean, warm air enters the lungs.

Sneezing is a reflex that expels unwanted particles like dust, pollen, or microbes that reach the nasal cavity and irritate the sensory lining.

Common respiratory diseases include asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and tuberculosis (TB). These diseases affect the lungs and breathing.

The number of breaths a person takes per minute.

Breathing rate increases during exercise because your body needs more oxygen.

Increased physical activity demands more oxygen for muscle function, leading to an increase in breathing rate to supply that oxygen.

After rest, breathing rate returns to normal as the body's oxygen demand decreases.

Breathing rate varies depending on the level of physical activity. It increases during exercise and returns to normal after rest.

Asthma is a lung disease where airways become inflamed and produce extra mucus. This inflammation causes swelling and narrowing of the airways, leading to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

External Respiration refers to the exchange of gases between the air and blood in the alveoli of the lungs. Oxygen enters the blood and binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, forming oxyhemoglobin, which is then transported to body cells. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide from the blood enters the alveoli.

Internal Respiration involves the exchange of gases between the blood and body cells. Oxyhemoglobin delivers oxygen to the cells, which utilize it for energy production. Carbon dioxide, a byproduct of cellular respiration, diffuses from the cells into the blood.

Cellular Respiration is the process where glucose is broken down inside cells to produce energy (ATP). This process generates carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

Carbon dioxide (CO2), produced by cellular respiration, dissolves into the blood. It then travels back to the lungs for exhalation.

A bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It can also affect other organs like bones, brain, and kidneys.

Common symptoms include coughing (sometimes with mucus or blood), fatigue, low-grade fever, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

Inflammation of the lungs, primarily affecting the alveoli (tiny air sacs). It's especially common in older adults, infants, and young children.

Causes can include viral infections, bacteria, dust, air pollution, smoking, and occupational hazards.

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.

Common causes include viral infections, dust, air pollution, smoking, and certain bacteria.

Cold air, air pollutants, pollen, dust mites, mold spores, and pet hair can trigger asthma attacks.

Symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness or pain, and disturbed sleep.

Respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to release energy and carbon dioxide. This process is essential for all living organisms.

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs that are responsible for gas exchange between the air we breathe and our blood.

Inhalation is the process of breathing in fresh air, where the lungs expand and draw air inside.

Exhalation is the process of breathing out used air from the lungs, where the lungs contract and push air out.

External respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood.

Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells throughout the body.

Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when someone with active TB coughs, sneezes, or speaks.

Tuberculosis can be diagnosed through various tests, including skin tests, blood tests, chest X-rays, and sputum tests.