Biology Chapter: Evolution and Classification
52 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Who is known as the father of evolution?

  • Gregor Mendel
  • Charles Darwin (correct)
  • Jean Baptiste Lamarck
  • Carl Linnaeus

Which level comes immediately after Domain in the classification hierarchy?

  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Kingdom (correct)

What is the second word in the binomial nomenclature for the African elephant, Loxodonta africana?

  • Species (correct)
  • Order
  • Genus
  • Family

Which scientist proposed a theory of evolution before Darwin?

<p>Jean Baptiste Lamarck (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What level of classification is more specific than Family?

<p>Genus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which derived characteristic is not shared between the tiger and the human?

<p>Thumbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two organisms are identified as the least closely related?

<p>Human and Slug (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms share both a backbone and legs?

<p>Human and Tiger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic do all listed organisms possess?

<p>Cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of treatment is used for viruses?

<p>Antivirals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding bacteria?

<p>They can reproduce on their own. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is shared by both viruses and bacteria?

<p>Both can cause illnesses or diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is correct about viruses?

<p>They can be vaccinated against. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are bacteria typically classified?

<p>As prokaryotic organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does carrying capacity refer to in an ecosystem?

<p>The maximum number of organisms an environment can support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes what happens when an ecosystem reaches its carrying capacity?

<p>Population growth typically stabilizes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of graph represents logistic growth?

<p>A logistic growth curve. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a population reaching its carrying capacity?

<p>Resource limitations cause population stability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes exponential growth?

<p>Population increases rapidly without regard to carrying capacity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organism is considered the secondary consumer in the food chain?

<p>Frog (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism has the most energy in the food chain?

<p>Python (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism in the food chain has the least energy?

<p>Grass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do producers play in the ecosystem?

<p>They convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the python were removed from the food chain, what would most likely happen to the frog population?

<p>Frog population would increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism is identified as part of the Kingdom Fungi?

<p>Multicellular, eukaryote, consumer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organism 2 is classified into which kingdom?

<p>Kingdom Plantae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic differentiates organisms in the Kingdom Bacteria from Archaebacteria?

<p>Living environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first question asked to categorize organisms into the different kingdoms using the key?

<p>Is the organism unicellular or multicellular? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of prokaryotic organism is likely to live in extreme environments?

<p>Archaebacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic of Kingdom Plantae?

<p>Multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms would NOT have a cell wall?

<p>Animal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines a heterotroph?

<p>An organism that consumes other organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes primary succession from secondary succession?

<p>Primary succession occurs in areas with no previous community, while secondary occurs in disturbed areas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process does NOT belong to the nitrogen cycle?

<p>Transpiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about biogeochemical cycles is true?

<p>They recycle nutrients in various chemical forms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of the phosphorus cycle?

<p>It does not include atmospheric components. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT involved in the water cycle?

<p>Nitrification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA serve as evidence for evolution?

<p>It demonstrates how every living organism is related. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does embryology indicate about related species?

<p>They show similar stages of development during embryos. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of geographic isolation?

<p>Squirrels separated by the Grand Canyon. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during behavioral isolation?

<p>Different courtship rituals prevent interbreeding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes temporal isolation in species?

<p>Species breed at different times. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of photosynthesis?

<p>C_6H_{12}O_6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a keystone species?

<p>A species that plays a critical role and has a disproportionately large effect on its environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main process that occurs during cellular respiration?

<p>Breakdown of glucose to release energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are represented as homologous in the comparative anatomy diagram?

<p>Forelimbs of humans, dogs, birds, and whales (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of invasive species?

<p>They are non-native and can disrupt local populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unique to prokaryotic cells?

<p>Single circular DNA molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What size comparison is generally true between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<p>Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes eukaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the ribosomes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<p>Prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is suggested by the phrase 'I'm a Survivor!' in the image analysis?

<p>The ability to reproduce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Darwin's Theory of Evolution

The theory that organisms change over time through natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Taxonomy

The study of how organisms are classified and named.

Domain

The broadest level in the hierarchical classification system, encompassing the most diverse group of organisms.

Binomial Nomenclature

The scientific naming system that uses two words: the genus and species.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Species

The most specific level in the classification system, representing a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prokaryote

Single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eukaryote

Organisms made of multiple cells, each with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Producer (autotroph)

Organisms that produce their own food using energy from sunlight (photosynthesis).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Consumer (heterotroph)

Organisms that cannot produce their own food and must consume other organisms for energy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer surrounding the cell membrane, providing structural support and protection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacteria

A kingdom of organisms that are unicellular, lack a nucleus, and reproduce by binary fission.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Archaebacteria

A kingdom of organisms that are unicellular, lack a nucleus, and often live in extreme environments like hot springs or salty lakes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fungi

A kingdom of organisms that are multicellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophs, and have cell walls made of chitin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a cladogram?

A branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among different organisms. It is based on shared derived characteristics, which are traits that evolved in a common ancestor and are present in all its descendants.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are derived characteristics?

Features that have evolved in a common ancestor and are present in all of its descendants. These are used to trace evolutionary relationships and construct cladograms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How to determine evolutionary relatedness on a cladogram?

The closer two organisms are on a cladogram, the more recently they shared a common ancestor. The further apart, the longer ago they diverged from a common ancestor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a derived trait that distinguishes a branch?

The trait that is most recently evolved and distinguishes a particular branch of the cladogram. It is present in only a subset of the organisms depicted on the cladogram.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the most basal organism on a cladogram?

The organism that is most distantly related to all other organisms on the cladogram. This is the earliest branch on the tree, representing the most ancient lineage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What makes viruses unique?

Viruses require a host cell to reproduce. They cannot reproduce independently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does bacteria reproduce?

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can reproduce independently. They have their own genetic material.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why don't antibiotics work on viruses?

Antibiotics target specific mechanisms in bacteria, like cell wall synthesis, which viruses do not have, making them ineffective against viral infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are antivirals?

Antivirals are medications that target specific processes in the viral lifecycle, like the virus's ability to bind to host cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do vaccines work against viruses?

Vaccines contain a weakened or inactive form of a virus, stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that can protect against future infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carrying capacity

The maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can sustain over a long period of time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Logistic growth

A type of population growth where the population increases rapidly at first, then levels off as it reaches the carrying capacity of its environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Exponential growth

A type of population growth where the population increases exponentially at a constant rate, without any limiting factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reaching Carrying Capacity

The point at which a population's growth slows down and stabilizes due to resource limitations. This happens when the population reaches the carrying capacity of its environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factors Limiting Carrying Capacity

Limited resources, predation, competition, and disease are all factors that can influence the carrying capacity of an ecosystem. These natural factors can limit the growth of a population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secondary Consumer

The organism that eats the primary consumer. In this food chain, the frog is the secondary consumer because it eats the grasshopper, the primary consumer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Producer

The organism at the bottom of the food chain that makes its own food through processes like photosynthesis. In this food chain, the grass is the producer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary Consumer

The organism that eats the producer. In this food chain, the grasshopper is the primary consumer because it eats the grass.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Energy Flow in Food Chains

The amount of energy available decreases with each level of the food chain. The python has more energy than the frog, and the frog has more energy than the grasshopper. The reason for this is that energy is lost in each transfer as heat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Energy Pyramid

A diagram that demonstrates the energy flow through a food chain. Producers at the bottom provide the most energy, and the energy decreases at each level. The energy pyramid is shaped like a pyramid, with the base representing the producers, and the top representing the highest level of consumers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ecological succession

The process by which a community of organisms develops in a previously barren or disturbed area, over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary succession

Ecological succession that occurs in areas where there was no previous life, like volcanic rock or a glacier's retreat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secondary succession

Ecological succession that takes place in areas where a previous community was disturbed, but soil remains, like after a fire.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biogeochemical Cycle

The continuous movement of a chemical element through the Earth's living and non-living systems, like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carbon-Oxygen Cycle

The cyclical movement of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Photosynthesis: What is it?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cellular Respiration: What is it?

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose (sugar) in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What's a keystone species?

A keystone species plays a critical role in maintaining the balance of an ecosystem, even if its population is small.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What's an invasive species?

An invasive species is a non-native organism that spreads aggressively in a new environment, often harming native species.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Homologous Structures: What are they?

Homologous structures are body parts in different species that share a common evolutionary origin, even if they perform different functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Geographic Isolation

Physical barriers separate populations, leading to the evolution of distinct species.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Behavioral Isolation

Different courtship rituals or mating behaviors prevent interbreeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Temporal Isolation

Populations breed during different times, preventing interbreeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Embryology and Evolution

Similar early developmental stages in related species provide evidence of common ancestry.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DNA Evidence for Evolution

DNA similarities show relationships between species, proving common ancestry.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are prokaryotic cells?

These cells are simple, lack a nucleus, and have smaller ribosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are eukaryotic cells?

These cells are complex, have a nucleus, and larger ribosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes are typically smaller and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotes are larger and have a nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a nucleoid?

A single, circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotic cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

This process describes how one prokaryotic cell can reproduce into multiple cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser