Biology Chapter: Circulatory Systems

<p>It allows for efficient oxygen delivery to tissues, supporting their high energy demands. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the exchange of materials between blood and surrounding cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To form blood clots and prevent excessive bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma contains more proteins than lymph. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To drain excess fluid from tissues and return it to the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to transport energy in the form of ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To overcome the limitations of diffusion over long distances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force of the heart's contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constricted arterioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To collect blood from various organs and return it to the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arteries are thicker than veins due to the high pressure of blood flowing through them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between blood pressure and blood flow is complex and can vary depending on factors like vessel diameter and resistance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To absorb carbon dioxide and prevent its availability to the plants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The leaves with the highest pH will have less starch because the alkaline environment hinders photosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desert plants primarily conduct photosynthesis during the night, absorbing carbon dioxide and utilizing it during the day. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boiling water breaks down the cell walls of the leaf, allowing the alcohol to penetrate and extract the starch. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stomata allow the passage of carbon dioxide into the leaf, a key ingredient for photosynthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of the stomatal pore, controlling gas exchange. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorophyll (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autotrophs synthesize their own food from simple inorganic materials while heterotrophs obtain food from other living organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tapeworm living in the intestines of a human. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a high surface area to volume ratio, which allows for efficient nutrient absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To filter blood and collect the filtrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia create currents that draw food particles towards the mouth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the presence of excess water in the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The alimentary canal is a long tube that processes food through digestion and absorption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration of blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mushroom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing waste products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cow is a herbivore and obtains nutrients from plants, while a lion is a carnivore and obtains nutrients from animals. (A), A cow has a four-chambered stomach for digesting cellulose, while a lion has a simpler digestive system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inorganic nitrates or nitrites from the soil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reabsorption of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>180 liters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases compatibility for the recipient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gums and resins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage in vacuoles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control the urge to urinate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transports excretory products away from cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removal of waste from circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP provides energy for various cellular activities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water, while anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lime water reacts with carbon dioxide in the exhaled air. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down large food molecules into smaller absorbable units. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The air through stomata. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To activate digestive enzymes and kill bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By having a large surface area due to folds, villi, and microvilli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic respiration is more efficient in energy production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gills have a large surface area due to numerous folds and filaments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow for the movement of gases between different parts of the plant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water has a lower oxygen content compared to air, requiring faster breathing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the gills and facilitate water flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autotrophs produce their own food from inorganic materials, while heterotrophs obtain food from other organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sunlight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through their roots from the soil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To filter out dust and germs from inhaled air. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased production of red blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for a faster rate of diffusion due to a larger surface area for gas exchange. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contracts, increasing the volume of the chest cavity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemoglobin is found in red blood cells and binds to oxygen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the mixing of oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-rich blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mostly in the dissolved form, but also bound to haemoglobin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nostrils → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli → Lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose is transported by red blood cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terrestrial organisms need to obtain oxygen from the air, while aquatic organisms obtain oxygen from water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen is transported mainly bound to haemoglobin in red blood cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the air passage from collapsing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that the body has a constant supply of oxygen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The larger the surface area, the more efficient the gas exchange. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpiration creates a pressure gradient that pushes water upwards from the roots to the leaves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugar is transported from the leaves to the growing buds, providing energy for new growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translocation involves active transport of sugars into the phloem, which requires ATP. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To actively load sugars into the sieve tubes for translocation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpiration pull, which creates a negative pressure gradient that pulls water upwards. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The xylem and phloem are independent transport systems, but they interact to transport water and food throughout the plant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By simple diffusion across the cell membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To filter waste products from the blood and produce urine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidneys -&gt; Ureters -&gt; Urinary bladder -&gt; Urethra. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a higher concentration of oxygen in the blood, supporting high metabolic rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that all parts of the plant receive the necessary nutrients and water for survival and growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Root pressure is most effective at night, when transpiration rates are low. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human transport systems are more complex and involve a closed circulatory system, while plant systems are simpler and open. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because plants can grow without visible movement and some animals can breathe without visible movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates the repair and maintenance of the organized structures of living organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance functions are a subset of life processes, focusing on preventing damage and breakdown within an organism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not exhibit any molecular movement, which is considered essential for life processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy is consumed during maintenance functions to counteract the effects of the environment and maintain organization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that life processes are primarily focused on maintaining the complex organization of living organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Living organisms are unique in their ability to maintain their organized complexity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They maintain the organized structure and function of the organism, preventing breakdown and damage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larger organisms have higher metabolic rates, requiring faster nutrient delivery and waste removal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for greater efficiency in carrying out specific tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaking down complex food molecules into simpler ones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It absorbs sunlight energy and converts it into chemical energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the primary source of energy for the plant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plant is unable to carry out photosynthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To kill the plant cells and make them permeable to alcohol. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The requirement for carbon dioxide as a raw material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tapeworm living in the intestines of a human (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It filters blood and produces urine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate the release of food from the stomach into the small intestine in small portions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animals that consume a diet rich in cellulose, such as herbivores, have longer small intestines to allow for efficient digestion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile juice neutralizes the acidic chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach and emulsify fats into smaller globules, making them easier to digest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Villi increase the surface area of the small intestine, maximizing the contact between digested food and the intestinal walls for efficient absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tongue helps in mixing the food thoroughly with saliva. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristaltic movements help to move food in a controlled manner through the digestive tract. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrochloric acid creates an acidic environment in the stomach, which activates protein-digesting enzymes like pepsin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucus protects the inner lining of the stomach from the corrosive action of hydrochloric acid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutralizing the acidic chime from the stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dental plaque blocks the flow of saliva to the teeth, preventing it from neutralizing the acids produced by bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The small intestine absorbs the majority of the nutrients from the digested food while the large intestine absorbs water and forms waste matter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anal sphincter regulates the release of waste material from the body through the anus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herbivores consume a diet rich in cellulose, which requires more time and a longer small intestine for digestion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absorption of digested nutrients would be significantly reduced due to a decrease in surface area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Life is characterized by growth, movement, and molecular activity.

Outward motions like running or breathing that indicate life.

Molecular movements that are not seen with the naked eye, essential for life.

Viruses do not show molecular movement until they infect a host, raising life debates.

Continuous functions required to repair and maintain life structures.

Energy is necessary for life processes to prevent breakdowns.

Functions that maintain living organisms even during inactivity.

Living organisms are made of well-organized systems that require upkeep.

The process of consuming food for energy and growth.

Organisms that produce their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.

Organisms that rely on consuming others for energy.

The process by which autotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy (food).

Processes that convert food into energy or build materials in living organisms.

The process of breaking down food using oxygen to release energy.

The removal of waste products from the body.

A system in organisms to move nutrients and oxygen to where they are needed.

A stored form of energy in plants, made from carbohydrates.

A stored form of energy in animals, similar to starch in plants.

Molecules that are fundamental to life, including proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

The process of taking in oxygen from the environment for respiration.

Tissues in multi-cellular organisms adapted for specific functions like transport, nutrient uptake, and waste removal.

Why diffusion alone can't supply oxygen to all cells in complex organisms.

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body, crucial in breaking down food.

Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestion of starch.

An enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into simple sugars.

Rhythmic muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Hydrochloric acid in stomach facilitates protein digestion and provides an acidic medium.

Glands in the stomach that secrete digestive juices including pepsin.

Produced by the liver, it helps emulsify fats in the small intestine.

Digestive enzymes like trypsin and lipase secreted by the pancreas.

Finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

Fluid secreted by intestinal glands that aids in final digestion of food.

Absorbs water from unabsorbed food and processes waste.

Tooth decay caused by bacteria acting on sugars, creating acid.

Muscle that controls the exit of waste from the body.

The process that breaks down food into smaller, absorbable molecules.

The mouth crushes food and mixes it with saliva for easier digestion.

Tube connecting the mouth to the stomach for food transport.

Green pigment in chloroplasts essential for absorbing light energy in photosynthesis.

Tiny pores on leaves that facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis.

Special cells that control the opening and closing of stomata.

A test used to indicate the presence of starch in leaves by changing color.

The process by which chlorophyll captures sunlight for photosynthesis.

The transformation of light energy captured by chlorophyll into chemical energy.

Breakdown of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen during photosynthesis.

The process where carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrates during photosynthesis.

Nutrition method where organisms derive food from other living sources.

Amoeba uses pseudopodia to engulf food and form a food vacuole.

Humans obtain nutrients through a long alimentary canal from the mouth to the anus.

Vital element for protein synthesis, taken from soil in various forms.

Desert plants absorb CO2 at night to conserve water.

The heart consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.

Contracts to pump oxygenated blood to the body.

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

Prevent backflow of blood during contractions.

Blood passes through the heart twice during one complete body cycle.

Blood pressure during ventricular contraction.

Blood pressure during ventricular relaxation.

Vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Vessels that bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Smallest blood vessels where exchange of materials occurs.

Blood cells that help clot blood and prevent leaks.

Clear fluid that drains excess fluid and carries fats from tissues.

Plants absorb nutrients and water from soil.

Slower transport needed for larger plants due to distance.

Animals have higher energy needs than plants, requiring efficient circulation.

Air is taken into the body and filtered through nostrils.

Mucus in the nostrils helps trap dust and germs from inhaled air.

Rings of cartilage in the throat prevent the air passage from collapsing.

Alveoli are balloon-like structures where gas exchange occurs.

A respiratory pigment that carries oxygen in red blood cells.

Carbon dioxide is mostly transported in dissolved form in blood.

Cilia in the respiratory tract remove germs and harmful particles.

Smoking destroys cilia and allows harmful particles into lungs.

The heart has chambers to separate oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-rich blood.

The breathing cycle includes inhaling and exhaling air for gas exchange.

Residual volume is the amount of air remaining in lungs after exhalation.

Plasma transports food, gases, and waste products in the blood.

Haemoglobin in blood transports oxygen to tissues needing it.

Diffusion helps in gas exchange, but is slow in large bodies.

The alveolar surface area maximizes gas exchange efficiency.

A cup-shaped structure at the beginning of a nephron that collects filtrate from blood.

Basic functional units of kidneys that filter blood and form urine.

Process where certain substances like glucose and water are reabsorbed from filtrate into blood.

A long tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Muscular storage sac that holds urine until it is expelled from the body.

The tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

A device used to remove waste from the blood when kidneys fail, through dialysis.

A process that removes waste products from the blood using a semi-permeable membrane.

A condition where kidneys do not function properly, leading to waste accumulation in the body.

Storage bubbles in plant cells that hold waste products or nutrients.

A method plants use to remove waste, by dropping old leaves.

Waste products containing nitrogen, removed from the body, primarily through urine.

Plants handle waste through methods like leaf shedding, storing in vacuoles, and excreting into soil.

The act of giving an organ to someone in need, often after death or while alive.

Tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Tissue that transports products of photosynthesis throughout the plant.

Loss of water vapor from aerial parts of the plant.

Pressure generated in roots due to water uptake.

Components of phloem that transport nutrients.

Movement of soluble products from leaves to other plant parts.

Pressure caused by water movement into phloem due to solute concentration.

Assist sieve tubes in transporting nutrients in phloem.

Sugars and other compounds produced in leaves during photosynthesis.

Explains how nutrients move in phloem driven by pressure differences.

Occurs through xylem via roots, stems, and leaves.

ATP is used to move substances into phloem.

Suction effect that pulls water from roots to leaves due to evaporation.

Nutrition where organisms produce their own food using sunlight or chemicals.

Plants require carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight for photosynthesis.

Biological catalysts that speed up the breakdown of food into nutrients.

The small intestine has villi and microvilli to increase surface area for absorption.

Fermentation produces ethanol and carbon dioxide from glucose.

Breakdown of glucose without oxygen, producing lactic acid or ethanol.

Process of breaking down glucose with oxygen to produce energy, water, and CO2.

Adenosine triphosphate, the energy molecule used in cells.

Energy from respiration is used to synthesize ATP for cellular processes.

Gases like O2 and CO2 are exchanged through stomata in plants.

Fishes breathe by taking water through mouths and extracting oxygen via gills.

Respiratory organs have large surface areas to maximize gas exchange.

Lactic acid accumulates in muscles during intense activity, causing cramps.