Biology Chapter: Chemical Basis of Life
21 Questions
16 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the building blocks of proteins?

  • Monosaccharides
  • Fatty acids
  • Amino acids (correct)
  • Nucleotides
  • Which elements primarily make up the organic compounds in living organisms?

  • Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon (correct)
  • Calcium, Iron, Potassium
  • Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium
  • Lead, Mercury, Copper
  • What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

  • To act as transport molecules
  • To catalyze chemical reactions (correct)
  • To provide structural support
  • To store genetic information
  • Which function is NOT associated with proteins?

    <p>Storing genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the weight of living organisms is composed of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon?

    <p>99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sugar is present in RNA?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA in living organisms?

    <p>Serving as genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nucleic acid is single-stranded?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary components of carbohydrates?

    <p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option describes a monosaccharide?

    <p>A simple sugar that is a building block of complex sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the strands of DNA?

    <p>It forms a double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do carbohydrates primarily serve in the body?

    <p>To serve as a chief energy source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are disaccharides primarily composed of?

    <p>Two monosaccharide molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lipids serve in the body?

    <p>Serve as the highest energy giving foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are triglycerides composed of?

    <p>Three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipid has a backbone of sphingoid bases?

    <p>Sphingolipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is known as corn sugar?

    <p>Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cellulose primarily known for?

    <p>Forming the main constituent of plant cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Basis of Life

    • Living organisms are composed of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.
    • 99% of living matter is these four elements.
    • Carbon atoms bond together with hydrogen atoms.

    Organic Compounds

    • Proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), carbohydrates, and lipids are organic compounds.

    Essential Elements in the Body

    • 96% of the human body is composed of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
    • Other elements, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur, are also present in smaller amounts.

    Proteins (CHON)

    • Proteins are the most abundant organic compounds in living cells.
    • They are the fundamental components of cell protoplasm.
    • Functions:
      • Essential for building and repairing body cells and tissues.
      • Act as enzymes to speed up the construction and repair of tissues.
      • Contribute to individual differences.
      • Function as transport molecules and provide protection as antibodies.

    Amino Acids (Building Blocks of Proteins)

    • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
    • Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through food.
    • Nonessential amino acids can be synthesized by the body.

    Enzymes

    • Enzymes are special proteins that act as catalysts.
    • They speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
    • Example:
      • Salivary amylase breaks down starch into simple sugars in minutes.
      • Starch breaks down into simple sugars over longer time in high temperature and acidic environments.

    Enzymes and the Body

    • Enzymes play a crucial role in digestion, allowing the body to break down food into usable components.
    • Enzymes are needed for every system in the body such as heptic, circulatory, renal, nervous, cardiac, endocrine, neurologic, lymphatic and reproductive.
    • They are also essential for building and maintaining skin, bone, and muscle tissue.

    Nucleic Acid (RNA and DNA)

    • Nucleic acids are complex organic molecules composed of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
    • DNA serves as the genetic material of all living things.
    • DNA provides instructions for making proteins and enzymes.
    • RNA is synthesized from DNA and plays a critical role in protein synthesis.
    • DNA and RNA control the cell's chemical activities.

    Carbohydrates

    • Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (in a 1:2:1 ratio).
    • They are the primary energy source for organisms.
    • Types:
      • Monosaccharides (single sugar units): glucose, fructose, galactose
      • Disaccharides (double sugar units): sucrose, lactose, maltose
      • Polysaccharides (multiple sugar units): starch, glycogen, cellulose

    Roles of Carbohydrates

    • Source for other molecules.
    • Energy storage (starch, cellulose, glycogen).
    • Primary energy source for the body.
    • Component in structural components of cells.

    Lipids

    • Lipids are another major class of organic compounds in living cells.
    • They include fats and fat-like molecules which are insoluble in water.
    • Functions: energy storage, protection, structural components of cell membranes, and signaling.
    • Types: triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.
    • Roles:
      • High-energy food source.
      • Thermal insulation for animals.
      • Structural component of cell membranes.
      • Building blocks for various steroids.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the chemical basis of life with this quiz. Explore the essential elements that make up living organisms, organic compounds, and the role of proteins and amino acids in biological systems. Perfect for biology students wanting to reinforce their understanding of these fundamental concepts.

    More Like This

    Chemical Basis of Life - Organic Compounds
    10 questions
    Biology Chapter: Chemical Basis of Life
    40 questions
    Chemical Basis of Life and Compounds
    45 questions
    Chemical Basis of Life
    40 questions

    Chemical Basis of Life

    FineLookingCalifornium avatar
    FineLookingCalifornium
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser