Biology Chapter: Cell Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

What structural feature of cell walls enhances diffusion?

Thinness of a single cell layer (correct)
Thickness of multiple layers
Presence of a nucleus
Having many components other than cells

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

To generate energy molecules
To transport oxygen to cells (correct)
To produce hormones
To filter waste products

How does the biconcave shape of red blood cells contribute to their function?

Increases surface area for absorbing oxygen (correct)
Reduces overall surface area for gas uptake
Facilitates movement through blood vessels
Increases cell rigidity to improve transport

What is the function of haemoglobin?

A pigment that binds to oxygen for transport (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the body tissues, what process occurs with oxyhaemoglobin?

The haemoglobin releases oxygen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary direction of water movement during osmosis?

From an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the concentration gradient and the rate of diffusion?

A larger concentration gradient results in a faster rate of diffusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the movement of substances against a concentration gradient?

Active transport (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lungs in gas exchange?

To transfer oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs?

Alveoli (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of blood flow within the heart?

Blood flows into the atria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Following the filling of the atria, what action does the heart take next?

The atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ventricles in the heart?

To contract and force blood into arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

Given that an experiment used a potato in pure water and a sugar solution, which of them resulted in absorption?

The potato in the water absorbed water (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

Arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To facilitate the exchange of materials at the tissues (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a partially permeable membrane?

It allows only tiny molecules, such as water, to pass through. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of coronary arteries?

To surround the heart and provide it with its own oxygenated blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes veins?

They carry blood toward the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

During osmosis, how does water move across a partially permeable membrane?

Water molecules pass through the membrane in both directions with a net flow into the region with fewer water molecules. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of capillary walls allows for diffusion of substances?

They have thin walls that are permeable (A) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the net flow of water during osmosis?

The difference in water molecule concentration on either side of the membrane. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the movement of water in osmosis affect a sugar solution?

It makes the sugar solution less concentrated. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the cycle of blood flow through the heart?

The initial contraction of the ventricles (B) Signup and view all the answers

After arteries branch into capillaries, what is the next step in the flow of blood?

Blood flows back to the heart through veins. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force behind the movement of molecules in osmosis?

The random kinetic energy of the molecules. (B) Signup and view all the answers

If the water concentration is lower on the left side of the membrane than the right, what will occur during osmosis?

Water will flow from right to left until equilibrium. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of osmosis aligns with being a passive process?

It does not require energy input from the cell. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of a partially permeable membrane in osmosis?

It provides a barrier that only allows specific molecules to pass through. (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of cell division does DNA replication occur?

Mitosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sub-cellular structures such as mitochondria during cell growth?

To increase the efficiency of cellular processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of chromosomes immediately after the duplication phase?

They are X-shaped with identical arms (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process directly results in the formation of two identical daughter cells?

Cytokinesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique property of embryonic stem cells?

They can turn into any type of cell in the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

How can stem cells be used in therapeutic cloning?

To produce cells that match a patient's genetic information. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are stem cells typically found in plants?

In the meristems throughout the plant's life (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a partially permeable membrane in osmosis?

It allows the movement of water but not all solutes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main objective of using stem cells to treat patients with diabetes?

To produce insulin-producing cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Partially Permeable Membrane

A type of membrane with tiny holes, allowing only small molecules like water to pass through, while larger molecules like sucrose cannot.

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

Random Movement of Water Molecules

Water molecules move randomly in all directions across a partially permeable membrane.

Net Flow of Water in Osmosis

Due to the random movement of water molecules, more water molecules move from the region of high water concentration to the region of low water concentration, resulting in a net flow of water.