Biology Chapter 9 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in?

  • All eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Only animal cells
  • Only bacterial cells
  • Only plant cells

    • The products of photosynthesis are the?

  • Products of cellular respiration
  • Nutrients for plants
  • Reactants of cellular respiration (correct)
  • Sources of energy

    • What is the starting molecule for glycolysis?

    Glucose

    What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?

    <p>Glucose and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

    <p>Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One cause of muscle soreness is?

    <p>Lactic acid fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of fermentation called?

    <p>Alcoholic and lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathing heavily after running is your body's way of?

    <p>Repaying an oxygen debt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycolysis requires?

    <p>An energy input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain used to make?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of carbon dioxide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The products of glycolysis are 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid molecules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy needed to win a 2-minute footrace is produced mostly by?

    <p>Lactic acid fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement mainly explains why even well-conditioned athletes have to pace themselves for athletic hours?

    <p>Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation does.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in the?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Krebs cycle produces?

    <p>Electron carriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a product of cellular respiration?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you swim aerobically for 30 minutes, your body has probably started to break down stored molecules, such as fats, for energy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid requires?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During photosynthesis, energy is stored in the form of fats.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the body needs to exercise for longer than 90 seconds, it generates ATP by carrying out?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?

    <p>Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?

    <p>Glucose and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Krebs cycle releases energy in the form of ATP.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Either cellular respiration or fermentation can be used to release energy, depending on the presence of carbohydrates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration?

    <p>NAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The starting molecule for glycolysis is?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Without the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain would produce very few ATPs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Milk is converted to yogurt under certain conditions when the microorganisms in the milk produce acid. Which of these processes would you expect to be in the key production of yogurt?

    <p>Lactic acid fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NADH and FADH2 carry electrons from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following are sources of energy during exercise EXCEPT?

    <p>Alcoholic fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of?

    <p>2 ATP molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down?

    <p>Food molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During lactic acid fermentation,?

    <p>NAD is regenerated allowing glycolysis to continue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following passes high-energy electrons into the electron transport chain?

    <p>NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each pair of high-energy electrons that move down the electron transport chain provided enough energy to?

    <p>Convert 3 ADP molecules into 3 ATP molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first few seconds of intense exercise use up the cell's stores of fat.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is NOT likely to carry out cellular respiration?

    <p>Anaerobic bacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electron transport chain can be found in?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is used to produce beer and wine?

    <p>Alcoholic fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an animal cell stops carrying out cellular respiration, it will die.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Krebs cycle starts with?

    <p>Pyruvic acid and yields carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the course of a long race, a person's muscle cells will use both cellular respiration and lactic acid fermentation to produce ATP.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce?

    <p>36 ATP molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactic acid fermentation occurs in?

    <p>Muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

    <p>6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The starting molecule for the Krebs cycle is?

    <p>Pyruvic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does not release energy from glucose?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you want to control your weight, how long should you exercise aerobically each time that you exercise?

    <p>More than 20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by?

    <p>The Krebs cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reactants of photosynthesis are the same as the reactants of cellular respiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Krebs cycle does not occur if?

    <p>Fermentation occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants cannot release energy from glucose using?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Respiration Overview

    • Cellular respiration occurs in all eukaryotic cells.
    • Its equation includes glucose and oxygen as reactants, producing water, carbon dioxide, and energy.
    • The overall process consists of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

    Glycolysis

    • Glucose is the starting molecule for glycolysis.
    • Requires an energy input and produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid molecules.
    • Takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

    Krebs Cycle

    • Begins with pyruvic acid and releases carbon dioxide.
    • Produces electron carriers NADH and FADH2.
    • The Krebs cycle is necessary for the electron transport chain to produce a significant amount of ATP.

    Electron Transport Chain

    • Takes place in mitochondria in eukaryotes and in the inner membrane in prokaryotes.
    • Utilizes energy from electrons (NADH and FADH2) to convert ADP into ATP.
    • Produces energy by facilitating oxidative phosphorylation.

    Fermentation

    • Two types: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
    • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells, regenerating NAD to allow glycolysis to continue.
    • Alcoholic fermentation is utilized in the production of beer and wine.

    Energy Production

    • Cellular respiration produces a total of 36 ATP molecules from one glucose molecule.
    • Muscle cells can switch between cellular respiration and lactic acid fermentation depending on oxygen availability.
    • Intense, short-duration exercises utilize stored ATP quickly before switching to aerobic or anaerobic pathways.

    Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration

    • Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are almost opposite processes: photosynthesis removes CO2, while cellular respiration releases it.
    • Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts; cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.

    Important Processes

    • Oxygen is necessary for aerobic respiration (hence the term "aerobic process").
    • After intense exercise, heavy breathing repays an oxygen debt.
    • Glycolysis does not release energy directly but enables pathways for aerobic respiration under aerobic conditions.

    Key Misconceptions

    • Cellular respiration does not involve the direct breakdown of glucose in the presence of carbon dioxide; rather, it involves breaking down food molecules.
    • The Krebs cycle does not run if fermentation takes place, indicating anaerobic conditions.

    Additional Facts

    • NAD acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration.
    • The role of fats can increase significantly during extended aerobic activities, such as swimming for over 30 minutes.
    • Both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain contribute to ATP synthesis, making them critical for efficient energy production.

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    Test your knowledge of cellular respiration and photosynthesis with these flashcards from Chapter 9 of Biology. Each card highlights key terms and concepts that are essential to understanding these vital biological processes. Perfect for quick reviews and reinforcement of the material!

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