Biology Chapter 8.1: Life Is Cellular
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a main point of cell theory?

  • Cells are the basic units of structure and function
  • New cells arise from chemical compounds (correct)
  • New cells are produced from existing cells
  • All living things are composed of cells

Electron microscopes can see objects in color.

False (B)

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do.

The __________ contains nearly all the cell's DNA.

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their functions:

<p>Nucleus = Contains DNA Ribosomes = Protein synthesis Lysosomes = Break down macromolecules Vacuoles = Store substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscope would you use to observe the detailed structure of a mitochondrion?

<p>Transmission electron microscope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins are assembled in the Golgi apparatus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two organelles involved in the making and transporting of proteins?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis in multicellular organisms?

<p>Cell membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells in multicellular organisms communicate exclusively through electrical signals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the levels of organization in a multicellular organism?

<p>Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

All living things, except viruses, are made up of _____

<p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of cell to its characteristic:

<p>Prokaryotic = Simple and small Eukaryotic = Complex and larger Animal = Example of eukaryotic cell Bacteria = Example of prokaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for using the metric system in scientific measurements?

<p>It is internationally used and in multiples of 10. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes are found only in eukaryotic cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle contracts without conscious thought?

<p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelles are primarily responsible for energy transformation in plant cells?

<p>Chloroplasts and mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouses of the cell because they release energy through photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>To assemble proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is considered the control center of the cell, directing activities and housing genetic material.

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the organelles with their primary functions:

<p>Ribosomes = Protein synthesis Vesicles = Transport and storage Chloroplasts = Photosynthesis Mitochondria = Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>It produces proteins and has ribosomes on its surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant cells only require chloroplasts for their energy needs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vacuoles in a cell?

<p>Storage of materials such as water and salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Protein Assembly Location

Proteins destined for the cell membrane or internal locations are made on ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Protein Transport

Newly assembled proteins move from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus in small sacs called vesicles.

Golgi Apparatus Function

The Golgi modifies and packages proteins, then sends them to their final destinations within or outside of the cell.

Mitochondria's Role

Mitochondria are organelles that produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration.

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Protein Factory

Ribosomes are the organelles where proteins are assembled.

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Plant Cell Energy Needs

Plant cells need both chloroplasts (for converting light energy to chemical energy) and mitochondria (for using that chemical energy to produce ATP) for optimal growth.

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Cellular Control Center

The nucleus acts as the control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material and directing its activities.

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Organelles for Storing, Cleaning, Supporting

Vesicles and vacuoles store materials and help maintain cell balance, including waste breakdown.

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Cell Theory Main Points

All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. New cells come from existing cells.

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Microscope Function

Microscopes use multiple lenses to magnify tiny objects, making them visible.

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Hooke's Cell Discovery

Robert Hooke observed tiny compartments in cork, which he named 'cells', contributing to the development of cell theory.

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False Colored Micrographs

Electron microscopes see in black and white. To highlight structures, computers add colors to images.

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Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, lacking a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing genetic material.

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Eukaryotic Cell Organisms

Protists, plants, animals, and fungi are all made of eukaryotic cells.

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Basic Unit of Life

The basic unit of structure and function in living things is the cell.

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New Cell Production

The Cell Theory includes the idea that new cells can only be produced by existing cells dividing.

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Hypertonic Cell

A cell with a higher concentration of solutes (like salts, sugars, and proteins) compared to its surroundings.

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Homeostasis in Unicellular Organisms

Unicellular organisms maintain a stable internal environment by growing, responding to stimuli, converting energy, and reproducing.

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Cell Specialization in Multicellular Organisms

Cells in multicellular organisms develop specific functions to carry out different tasks, like building tissues and organs.

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Levels of Organization in Multicellular Organisms

Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs form organ systems, working together to create a complex organism.

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Cell Communication in Multicellular Organisms

Cells communicate with each other using chemical signals (like proteins) that travel through the extracellular space.

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What are all living things made of?

All living things are primarily made up of cells, except for viruses which are not considered living.

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Micrometer Size

A micrometer is one-thousandth of a millimeter.

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Prokaryotic Cell Example

Bacteria are a good example of prokaryotic cells, which are simple and lack a nucleus.

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Study Notes

8.1 Life Is Cellular

  • All living things come from cells
  • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
  • New cells are produced from existing cells
  • Microscopes use multiple lenses to magnify small objects
  • Hooke saw cork chambers and named them cells
  • Micrographs' false colors are computer-created to highlight features
  • Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells, and do not have a nucleus
  • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that encloses genetic material
  • Protists, plants, animals, and fungi have eukaryotic cells

How do Microscopes Work?

  • Microscopes use multiple lenses to magnify small objects

How did Hooke's work contribute to cell theory?

  • Hooke saw cork cells and named them cells

What does it mean if a micrograph is false colored?

  • Computer adds colors to highlight details; electron microscopes usually show black and white images

What are the defining characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller, and lack a nucleus
  • Eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, and contain a nucleus

What types of organisms have eukaryotic cells?

  • Protists, plants, animals, and fungi

What is the basic concept of biology that includes the idea that new cells can be produced only by the division of existing cells?

  • Cell theory

If you wanted to observe the detailed structure of a mitochondrion, which type of microscope would you use?

  • Light Microscope

8.2 Cell Structure

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Golgi Apparatus make and transport proteins
  • Rough ER sends proteins to the Golgi Apparatus
  • Vacuoles store materials (water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates)
  • Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins
  • Proteins are assembled on ribosomes
  • Newly assembled proteins travel to the rough ER and complete assembly there.
  • Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins in vesicles
  • Vesicles transport proteins to their final destinations
  • Chloroplasts and mitochondria work together to provide energy in plants
  • Ribosomes assemble proteins
  • Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they release energy through cellular respiration
  • The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains DNA and instructions for proteins
  • The endoplasmic reticulum produces proteins for the cell to function
  • Vesicles store, clean up, and support
  • Mitochondria and chloroplasts capture and release energy
  • Cells maintain integrity with a cell membrane

8.3 Cell Transport

  • In passive transport, substances move from high to low concentration without energy
  • Gradient, particle size, and temperature affect diffusion rate
  • Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP)
  • Two types of diffusion are simple and facilitated. Facilitated diffusion uses proteins to help substances move across the membrane

8.4 Homeostasis and Cells

  • Unicellular organisms grow, respond, transform energy, and reproduce to maintain homeostasis
  • Multicellular cells become specialized for different tasks and communicate to maintain homeostasis.
  • Specialization of cells helps maintain homeostasis in multicellular organisms

(Additional Topic): Levels of Organization in Multicellular Organisms

  • Cells combine to form tissues
  • Tissues combine to form organs,
  • Organs combine to form organ systems

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of cellular biology in this quiz. Learn about cell theory, the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the role of microscopes in studying cells. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of the basic units of life.

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