Cell Theory and Types of Cells

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is a core tenet of the established cell theory?

  • New cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter.
  • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. (correct)
  • Cells can only be created in a laboratory setting.
  • Viruses are living cells.

What is the primary distinction between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.
  • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. (correct)
  • Prokaryotic cells are larger and more complex than eukaryotic cells.
  • Eukaryotic cells lack genetic material.

Which of the following best describes the function of organelles in eukaryotic cells?

  • They carry out specific functions necessary for the cell’s survival. (correct)
  • They prevent the cell from reproducing.
  • They store waste products for removal from the organism.
  • They provide structural support to the cell wall.

Which of the following organisms is composed of prokaryotic cells?

<p>E. coli bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to cell theory, where do all cells originate?

<p>From pre-existing cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>To control what enters and exits the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for generating energy in the cell?

<p>Mitochondrion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

<p>To transport materials, such as proteins, throughout the cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of Golgi bodies?

<p>Collecting and processing materials to be removed from the cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vacuoles in cells?

<p>Storing substances, removing unwanted substances and maintaining fluid pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cell's genetic information stored?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the waste products of cellular respiration in mitochondria?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the cytoplasm?

<p>Mostly water, but contains many other substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures are found uniquely in plant cells, but not animal cells?

<p>Cell wall, large vacuoles, and chloroplasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell membrane's ability to allow some molecules to pass through while restricting others is known as:

<p>Semi-permeability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Theory

A fundamental concept stating that all living things are made of cells, which are the basic units of life and come from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotes

Cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotes

Cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, such as plants and animals.

Organelle

Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions necessary for life.

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Basic Unit of Life

Cells are considered the smallest structural and functional units of living organisms.

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Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance where organelles are suspended and many chemical reactions occur.

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Cell Membrane

A flexible, double-layered structure that supports the cell and controls entry and exit of substances.

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Nucleus

The spherical structure that contains the cell's genetic information on chromosomes.

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Mitochondria

Organelles known as the 'power plants' that generate energy through cellular respiration.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of tubes that transports materials such as proteins throughout the cell.

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Golgi Bodies

Organelles that collect, process, and secrete materials to be removed from the cell.

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Vacuoles

Fluid-filled sacs that store substances and help maintain internal fluid pressure.

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Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides support and protection.

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Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy.

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Semi-permeable

Describes a membrane that allows certain substances to pass while blocking others.

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Study Notes

The Cell and Cell Theory

  • Cells are the smallest unit of life
  • Modern biology is based on the ideas in the cell theory

The Cell Theory

  • All living things are made up of one or more cells
  • Cells are the basic units of life and carry out all life processes
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells

Two Types of Cells:

Prokaryotes

  • Cells that do not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
  • Ex. E. coli bacteria

Eukaryotes

  • Cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles, each surrounded by a thin membrane
  • Ex. Amoeba, whale, plant
  • Eukaryotes have specialized parts called organelles that carry out specific functions necessary for life.

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