Questions and Answers
What is the ultimate source of energy for plants?
They use light energy from the sun to produce food.
What is ATP and what is its role in the cell?
It stands for adenosine triphosphate and it is one of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy for work to be done in the cell.
Describe one cellular activity that uses the energy released by ATP.
One way cells use the energy provided by ATP is to carry out active transport.
How do autotrophs obtain energy? How do heterotrophs obtain energy?
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With respect to energy, how are ATP and glucose similar? How are they different?
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What did van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz discover about plants?
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Describe the process of photosynthesis, including the reactants and products.
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Why are light and chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis?
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Describe the relationship between chlorophyll and the color of plants.
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How well would a plant grow under pure yellow light? Explain your answer.
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Summarize the light-dependent reactions.
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What reactions make up the Calvin cycle?
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How is light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis?
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What is the function of NADPH?
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Why are light-dependent reactions important to the Calvin cycle?
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What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?
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How are Anthophytes characterized?
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Study Notes
Energy Sources for Plants
- Plants derive energy from sunlight to produce food through photosynthesis.
- Autotrophs create their own food using solar energy; heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Role of ATP
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main energy currency of the cell, allowing storage and release of energy for cellular activities.
- Energy released from ATP is utilized in processes like active transport.
Glucose vs. ATP
- Both ATP and glucose serve as energy storage compounds within cells.
- Glucose stores over 90 times more energy than a single ATP molecule.
Contributions of Early Botanists
- Van Helmont linked plant growth to water, discovering its role in mass increase.
- Priestley identified that plants release a vital substance for combustion.
- Ingenhousz revealed that light is essential for plants to produce oxygen.
Photosynthesis Process
- Photosynthesis transforms carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, using sunlight as energy.
- Primary reactants: carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O); primary products: glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2).
Importance of Light and Chlorophyll
- Light energy is necessary to synthesize high-energy sugars during photosynthesis.
- Chlorophyll absorbs light and drives the photosynthetic process; it reflects green light, making plants appear green.
Light and Plant Growth
- Plants exposed solely to yellow light would struggle to grow due to low absorption of that wavelength by chlorophyll.
Light-Dependent Reactions
- These reactions produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH.
Calvin Cycle
- Utilizes ATP and NADPH produced in light-dependent reactions to synthesize high-energy sugars.
Conversion of Light to Chemical Energy
- Pigments in chloroplasts facilitate the conversion of light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
Function of NADPH
- NADPH transports high-energy electrons generated from light absorption to various chemical reactions requiring energy.
Interdependence of Reactions
- Light-dependent reactions supply ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, which employs these energy carriers to produce sugars.
Photosynthesis Chemical Formula
- Photosynthesis can be summarized by the equation:
- 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + light energy.
Anthophyte Characteristics
- Anthophytes, part of the plant kingdom, are classified into monocots and dicots, based on specific features like cotyledons, leaf vein patterns, and flower structure.
- Monocots have one cotyledon, fibrous roots, scattered vascular bundles, and parallel-veined leaves.
- Dicots possess two cotyledons, net-veined leaves, and vascular bundles organized in a ring.
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Explore the fundamental concepts of photosynthesis with these flashcards. Learn about the energy sources utilized by plants and the role of ATP in cellular processes. This quiz is designed to enhance your understanding of biological energy transformations.