Biology Chapter 8 Assessment Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are autotrophs? (Select all that apply)

Leopards

Implants

Plants (correct)

Mushrooms

One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy is?

ATP (correct)

H2O

DNA

CO2

Which scientist concluded that most of a growing plant's mass comes from water?

Calvin

Priestley

Van Helmont (correct)

Ingenhousz

In addition to light and chlorophyll, photosynthesis requires?

Water and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

The leaves of plants appear green because chlorophyll?

Reflects green light Signup and view all the answers

The products of photosynthesis are?

Sugars and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains chlorophyll?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

The first process in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is?

Light absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which substance from the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is a source of energy for the Calvin Cycle?

NADPH Signup and view all the answers

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are also known as?

Calvin Cycle Signup and view all the answers

How do heterotrophs and autotrophs differ in the way they obtain energy?

Heterotrophs are animals that need to find energy from another source, while autotrophs are plants that obtain energy from the sun. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the three parts of an ATP molecule.

<ol> <li>Adenine = a purine base. 2. Ribose = a pentose sugar. 3. Phosphate groups.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Use the analogy of a battery to explain how energy is stored in and released from ATP.

ATP (with 3 phosphate groups) would be the fully charged battery. ADP (with 2 phosphate groups) would be the partially charged battery. Energy is released by breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups and stored by forming a bond between them. Signup and view all the answers

Compare the amounts of energy stored in ATP and glucose. Which compound is used by the cell as an immediate source of energy?

Glucose is more efficient for cells as a single molecule stores over 90 times the energy of ATP, while ATP is used for immediate energy needs. Signup and view all the answers

How were Priestley's and Ingenhousz's discoveries about photosynthesis related?

Both experiments showed that light is necessary for plants to produce oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Write the basic equation for photosynthesis using the names of the starting and final substances of the process.

Carbon dioxide + water -> oxygen + glucose Signup and view all the answers

What role do plant pigments play in the process of photosynthesis?

Pigments absorb specific wavelengths of light which power photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP synthase? How does it work?

ATP synthase converts high-energy electrons into two separate molecules and carries them to different sections in the inner membrane thylakoids. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of NADP+ as an energy carrier in photosynthesis.

NADP+ carries hydrogen atoms from the light-dependent stage. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize what happens during the Calvin Cycle.

Plants use the energy from NADPH and ATP to build high-energy compounds for long-term storage. Signup and view all the answers

How do the events of the Calvin Cycle depend on the light-dependent reactions?

ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent stage are needed to fix CO2 into carbohydrate. Signup and view all the answers

Describe three factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs.

Sunlight, water, and temperature. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Autotrophs, such as plants, produce their own energy using sunlight.
Heterotrophs, like leopards, obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

Energy Storage in Cells

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells.
ATP consists of adenine, ribose (a sugar), and three phosphate groups, functioning like a rechargeable battery.

Photosynthesis Basics

Photosynthesis equation: Carbon dioxide + Water → Oxygen + Glucose.
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll—the pigment that absorbs sunlight and gives leaves their green color.
Essential components for photosynthesis include water and carbon dioxide, alongside light and chlorophyll.

Photosynthesis Processes

Light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH.
Light-independent reactions, known as the Calvin Cycle, utilize ATP and NADPH to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide.

Important Scientists

Van Helmont determined that most of a plant's mass comes from water.
Priestley and Ingenhousz established that light is necessary for oxygen production in plants.

Energy Comparison

Glucose stores more than 90 times the energy of ATP, making it a more efficient long-term energy source for cells.
ATP is used as an immediate energy source.

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by sunlight, water availability, and temperature.

Role of NADP+

NADP+ acts as an energy carrier by transporting hydrogen atoms from light-dependent reactions, facilitating energy transfer within the process.

ATP Synthase Function

ATP synthase utilizes high-energy electrons to produce ATP during the light-dependent reactions, helping to generate energy for the Calvin Cycle.

Calvin Cycle Summary

The Calvin Cycle depends on products from light-dependent reactions, using ATP and NADPH to build high-energy compounds that can be stored for future use.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts from Biology Chapter 8. This quiz covers topics such as autotrophs, energy storage in living organisms, and historical scientific discoveries related to plant growth. Perfect for reviewing fundamental biological principles!