Biology Chapter 7 Vocabulary Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a cell?

Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier (correct)

Structure that contains genetic material

A group of similar cells

Small particle involved in protein synthesis

What does cell theory state?

All living things are composed of cells; cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things; new cells are produced from existing cells.

What is the function of the nucleus?

Assists in cell division

Stores nutrients

Controls the cell's activities (correct)

Produces energy

Eukaryotes do not contain nuclei.

False Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotes contain nuclei.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are organelles?

Structures inside a cell that act as tiny organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is cytoplasm?

The area outside of the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nuclear envelope?

Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin?

Granular material in the nucleus made of DNA bound to protein. Signup and view all the answers

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Assembling proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials. Signup and view all the answers

What are lysosomes?

Organelles filled with enzymes for digestion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria?

Convert chemical energy stored in food into usable compounds. Signup and view all the answers

What do chloroplasts do?

Capture energy from sunlight for photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cytoskeleton?

A network of protein filaments that helps maintain cell shape. Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis?

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of isotonic?

Same strength Signup and view all the answers

What is active transport?

Requires energy Signup and view all the answers

What is cell specialization?

Cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What are the levels of organization in a multicellular organism?

Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is a tissue?

A group of similar cells that perform a particular function. Signup and view all the answers

What is an organ?

Many groups of tissues working together. Signup and view all the answers

What is an organ system?

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

A cell is the fundamental unit of life, composed of living matter enclosed by a membrane.
Cell theory posits that all living organisms consist of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units, and new cells arise from existing ones.

Cell Nucleus and Genetic Material

The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and directs cell activities.
Eukaryotes are cells with a nucleus, while prokaryotes lack a nucleus.
Chromatin is made of DNA and proteins, and it condenses to form chromosomes, which carry genetic information.

Organelles and Cellular Functions

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell, akin to tiny organs with specific functions.
The nucleolus within the nucleus is where ribosomes are synthesized.
Ribosomes are responsible for protein assembly and are found throughout the cytoplasm.

Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an internal membrane system; it includes:
- Rough ER, studded with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.
- Smooth ER, devoid of ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs.
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and materials for storage or export.

Lysosomes and Vacuoles

Lysosomes are organelles filled with enzymes that digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components.
Vacuoles are saclike structures for storing materials such as water, salts, and nutrients.

Energy-Converting Organelles

Mitochondria convert chemical energy from food into usable energy for the cell.
Chloroplasts capture solar energy and undergo photosynthesis to convert it into chemical energy.

Cytoskeleton and Cell Shape

The cytoskeleton is a protein filament network that maintains cell shape and aids in movement.
Microfilaments are flexible structures made of actin; they form supportive networks.
Microtubules are hollow tubes of tubulin that play roles in cell structure and division.

Centrioles and Cell Membrane

Centrioles organize cell division and are absent in plant cells.
The cell membrane is a flexible barrier that regulates entry and exit of substances and provides support.

Transport Mechanisms

Concentration refers to the mass of solute in a solution.
Diffusion involves movement from high to low concentration without energy.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic describe different concentrations of solute relative to another solution.
Facilitated diffusion utilizes protein channels for substance transport.
Active transport requires energy input to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Endocytosis is the process of bringing materials into the cell via membrane pockets.
Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are forms of endocytosis for solids and liquids, respectively.
Exocytosis expels materials from the cell by merging vacuole membranes with the cell membrane.

Cell Specialization and Organization

Cell specialization allows different cell types to perform unique functions in multicellular organisms.
Multicellular organization includes levels such as cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
A tissue comprises similar cells executing a specific function.
An organ is formed from multiple tissue types working together.
An organ system consists of a group of organs collaborating to perform a particular role.

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Description

Test your understanding of key vocabulary related to cell structure and function. This quiz covers essential terms like 'cell', 'cell theory', and 'nucleus', which are fundamental to grasping the complexities of biological life. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in biology!