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Questions and Answers
Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them 'cells'?
Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them 'cells'?
Robert Hooke
What advance in technology made the discovery of cells possible?
What advance in technology made the discovery of cells possible?
The microscope
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
Which type of microscope can produce three-dimensional images of a cell's surface?
Which type of microscope can produce three-dimensional images of a cell's surface?
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Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?
Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?
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Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus?
Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus?
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Not all cells are alike. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about differences between cells?
Not all cells are alike. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about differences between cells?
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Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in Figure 7-1?
Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in Figure 7-1?
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Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
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Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful?
Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful?
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Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7-2 above stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates?
Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7-2 above stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates?
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Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
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Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7-3 modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for storage or release from the cell?
Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7-3 modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for storage or release from the cell?
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Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
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Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
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The primary function of the cell wall is to
The primary function of the cell wall is to
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Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is
Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is
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You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
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Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
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The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
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During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will
During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will
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The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
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An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
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Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
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Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7-4 above?
Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7-4 above?
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Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7-5 above?
Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7-5 above?
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Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism?
Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism?
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The cells of unicellular organisms are
The cells of unicellular organisms are
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A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called
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Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level?
Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level?
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Viruses are not made up of cells. Therefore, viruses ARE NOT considered to be living things.
Viruses are not made up of cells. Therefore, viruses ARE NOT considered to be living things.
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Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier called a cell membrane.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier called a cell membrane.
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Ribosomes that synthesize proteins are found on the SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum.
Ribosomes that synthesize proteins are found on the SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum.
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Plant cells have chloroplasts BUT NOT mitochondria.
Plant cells have chloroplasts BUT NOT mitochondria.
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Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in either direction across a semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentration on either side of the membrane.
Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in either direction across a semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentration on either side of the membrane.
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According to the cell theory, all cells come from existing ____________________.
According to the cell theory, all cells come from existing ____________________.
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The storage structure indicated in Figure 7-6 by the letter F is a(an)...
The storage structure indicated in Figure 7-6 by the letter F is a(an)...
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Molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. This process is called
Molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. This process is called
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Large molecules, such as glucose, that cannot cross the lipid bilayer can still move across the membrane through a type of passive transport called
Large molecules, such as glucose, that cannot cross the lipid bilayer can still move across the membrane through a type of passive transport called
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The cells in a multicellular organism have specific jobs. This is called cell...
The cells in a multicellular organism have specific jobs. This is called cell...
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Study Notes
Cell Discovery and Theory
- Robert Hooke utilized a compound microscope to observe cork, coining the term "cells" to describe the chambers he saw.
- The microscope was the technological advancement that enabled the discovery of cells.
- A principle of the cell theory states that all cells arise from existing cells; unusual statements, such as very few cells can reproduce, do not align with this theory.
Cell Types and Structures
- Prokaryotic cells are identified by the absence of a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus enclosing their DNA.
- Most cells possess a membrane, although some not mentioned have varying characteristics.
- Eukaryotic cells contain organelles such as ribosomes that produce proteins following the coded instructions from the nucleus.
Organelles and Their Functions
- The nucleus functions to store DNA.
- Lysosomes break down worn-out organelles.
- Vacuoles serve to store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates in cells.
- The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for cell release.
- Mitochondria convert food's chemical energy into usable forms for cells.
- Chloroplasts are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells.
Membranes and Transportation
- The cell wall provides support and protection, differentiating itself as a rigid structure compared to the flexible cell membrane.
- Cell membranes regulate material movement in and out of cells, with protein channels and pumps facilitating this passage.
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration; in equilibrium, molecules disperse evenly without changing concentration.
- Osmosis refers specifically to the diffusion of water across selective membranes, with cells surrounded by freshwater potentially bursting due to osmotic pressure.
- Active transport requires energy input from the cell to move particles against their concentration gradient.
Homeostasis and Organization
- Homeostasis describes the stable internal conditions of an organism.
- Unicellular organisms can perform all life functions independently.
- In multicellular organisms, cells with similar functions form tissues, with hierarchy levels classified as cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Cell Characteristics and Misconceptions
- Viruses, lacking cellular structure, are classified as non-living.
- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are encased by a cell membrane.
- Ribosomes for protein synthesis are found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, not the smooth.
- Plant cells contain both chloroplasts and mitochondria, despite common misconceptions stating otherwise.
Transport Mechanisms and Specialization
- Facilitated diffusion helps large molecules like glucose traverse the lipid bilayer passively.
- Cell specialization enables distinct functions among cells in multicellular organisms.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Biology Chapter 7. Learn about the history and development of cell theory, important figures like Robert Hooke, and the advancements in microscopy that made these discoveries possible. Perfect for review before exams!
