Biology Chapter 7: Skeletal System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

  • Assists in mineral homeostasis
  • Protects internal organs
  • Supports the body
  • Regulates blood sugar (correct)

    • The periosteum is the outer covering of bones where tendons and ligaments attach.

    True

    What is the study of bone structure called?

    osteology

    Bone is made of bone tissue, __________ cartilage, dense connective tissue, and other tissues.

    <p>hyaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral salt is primarily responsible for the hardness of bone tissue?

    <p>Hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of cells in bone with their functions:

    <p>Osteoprogenitor cells = Stem cells of bone Osteoblasts = Bone formation Osteocytes = Maintenance of bone tissue Osteoclasts = Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the medullary cavity in long bones?

    <p>Stores yellow bone marrow and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of __________ refers to the hardening of bone tissue due to mineral deposits.

    <p>calcification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does calcium play in the body?

    <p>Aids in nerve and muscle cell function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sedentary lifestyle increases bone density.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of aligning broken bones for healing?

    <p>reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The distal portion of the femur is remodeled every ____ months.

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of fractures to their descriptions:

    <p>Stress fractures = Microscopic breaks that may not damage surrounding tissues Compound fractures = Large breaks that damage surrounding tissues Closed reductions = Do not require surgical intervention Open reductions = Involve surgical intervention to realign bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of exercise is most beneficial for bone health?

    <p>Weight-bearing exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osteoporosis disproportionately affects elderly women due to higher estrogen levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone?

    <p>lower concentration of ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fracture hematoma is formed during the reactive phase of bone repair to stop ______ from the broken blood vessels.

    <p>bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment for osteoporosis?

    <p>Increased vitamin D intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone cell primarily secretes collagen?

    <p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osteocytes can divide and secrete substances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of bone formation called?

    <p>ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The structural unit of compact bone is the __________.

    <p>osteon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bone cells with their primary function:

    <p>Osteoblasts = Secrete collagen and bone matrix Osteoclasts = Resorb bone tissue Osteocytes = Maintain bone tissue Chondrocytes = Maintain cartilage tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about spongy bone is true?

    <p>Spongy bone is lighter than compact bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trabeculae are the structural units of spongy bone tissue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do osteoclasts do?

    <p>Catabolize bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osteocytes occupy spaces in the ECM called __________.

    <p>lacunae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient delivery system supplies essential nutrients to bone cells?

    <p>Vascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The circular rings of ECM surrounding osteons are called concentric lamellae.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are interstitial lamellae made of?

    <p>Old concentric lamellae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ossification proceeds through two main patterns: intramembranous and __________ ossification.

    <p>endochondral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Perforating fibers = Connects periosteum to bone Nutrient foramen = Entrance for nutrient arteries Red bone marrow = Site of blood stem cells Medullary cavity = Hollow center of long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the process of endochondral ossification?

    <p>Mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The periosteum is formed from mesenchymal tissue surrounding compact bone.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains at the joint surfaces of long bones after endochondral ossification?

    <p>articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary ossification center is located in the _______ of long bones.

    <p>diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the zones of the epiphyseal plate with their descriptions:

    <p>Zone of resting cartilage = Anchors the epiphyseal plate to bone Zone of proliferating cartilage = Site of actively dividing chondrocytes Zone of hypertrophic cartilage = Contains mature chondrocytes arranged in columns Zone of calcified cartilage = Contains layers of dead chondrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT mentioned as affecting bone growth?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Appositional growth refers to the growth in the length of the bones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of osteoclasts during bone remodeling?

    <p>bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which bones grow in circumference is known as _______ growth.

    <p>appositional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the epiphyseal plate contains large cells arranged in columns?

    <p>Zone of hypertrophic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone remodeling is a dynamic, lifelong process.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the epiphyseal plate closing?

    <p>Bone growth in length stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osteoblasts are responsible for ________ bone.

    <p>building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of ossification with their characteristics:

    <p>Intramembranous ossification = Bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue Endochondral ossification = Bone forms from a pre-existing cartilage model Bone remodeling = Dynamic process of bone resorption and deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

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