Biology Chapter 7 Flashcards: Cell Structure

Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of all forms of life?

Cell

What does the Cell Theory state?

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things 2. All living things are composed of cells 3. New cells are produced only from existing cells

What do all cells have?

Cell membrane, DNA, and Cytoplasm

What are the two types of cells and what is the difference between them?

Prokaryotes have no nucleus; DNA in cytoplasm and eukaryotes have a nucleus; DNA contained in the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

How are cells categorized into the two groups?

By the presence or absence of a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What organelles are connected to protein?

Nucleolus produces ribosomes -> ribosomes are found on the rough ER -> ribosomes produce protein. Signup and view all the answers

What are microtubules used for?

Movement. Signup and view all the answers

When was the first microscope used to observe living things?

Mid 1600's Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

Break down waste Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle captures energy from sunlight?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What structure helps to organize cell division in animal cells?

Centriole Signup and view all the answers

The _________ is a protective barrier from the outside environment.

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Homeostasis = Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain Cytoplasm = Fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus Nucleus = Control center of the cell's activities Vacuole = Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Basics

Cells are the fundamental units of all forms of life.
Cell theory defines that all living organisms are composed of cells, which serve as the basic structure and function units, and that new cells arise from existing ones.

Cell Structure

Cell Membrane: A thin, flexible barrier regulating entry and exit for nutrients and waste.
Nucleus: The control center containing DNA, with double membranes and pores for material exchange.
Cytoplasm: Gel-like fluid surrounding organelles, located outside of the nucleus but within the cell membrane.
Organelles: Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions.

Cell Types

Eukaryotes: Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; examples include all organisms except bacteria.
Prokaryotes: Unicellular organisms without a nucleus; DNA is located in the cytoplasm; examples include bacteria.

Organelles and Their Functions

Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis, found in the cytoplasm or on rough ER; produced in the nucleolus.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network for transporting materials; divided into rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes).
Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or export; known as the packaging center.
Mitochondria: Produce energy by converting chemical energy from food; have inner membrane folds called cristae to increase surface area.
Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells, capturing sunlight energy and converting it to chemical energy; contain chlorophyll.
Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for digesting biomaterials; referred to as the "suicide sac" for their role in breaking down waste.
Vacuoles: Storage organelles; central vacuole in plant cells holds water and other substances for structure.

Cellular Processes

Osmosis: Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, driven by concentration differences.
Diffusion: Particles move from areas of high concentration to low concentration, facilitating passive transport.
Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes, crucial for organismal health.

Tissue and Organ Levels

Tissues: Groups of similar cells performing specific functions.
Organs: Structures composed of several types of tissues working together for related functions.
Organ Systems: Groups of organs collaborating to perform broader biological functions.

Microscopic Discoveries

The first microscope was utilized to observe living organisms in the mid-1600s, leading to groundbreaking discoveries in biology.

Additional Concepts

Selectively Permeable Membrane: A property allowing certain substances to pass while restricting others, critical for cellular function.
Cytoskeleton: A network of protein filaments giving support, shape, and movement capabilities to a cell; consists of microfilaments and microtubules.
Microtubules: Hollow structures involved in cellular movement and division, including components of cilia and flagella, centrioles, and spindle fibers.

This comprehensive overview covers essential concepts and functions regarding cell structure and dynamics, giving a solid foundation for further study in biology.

Description

Test your knowledge of key terms and concepts in Biology Chapter 7, which focuses on Cell Structure and Function. This quiz includes important definitions such as cell theory, cell membrane, and the basic unit of life – the cell. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular biology.