Questions and Answers
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which cell components?
cilia
Which of the following are most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion? (Select all that apply)
Which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes?
Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?
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What is the most likely pathway for an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells?
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Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
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Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
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Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?
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Which structure-function pair is mismatched?
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Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the:
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What is the simplest collection of matter that can live?
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Which type of microscope should a researcher choose to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division and why?
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Cell fractionation results in...
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Which of the following cellular structures is unlikely to be resolved with a light microscope?
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For two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas, the cell with the larger surface area is likely to:
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Study Notes
Cell Structures and Functions
- Basal bodies anchor cilia and flagella, facilitating their movement through microtubule assembly.
- Chloroplast and mitochondrion proteins are primarily synthesized by free cytoplasmic ribosomes and subsequently imported into these organelles.
Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
- Bound ribosomes synthesize membrane and secretory proteins, while free ribosomes are involved in cytoplasmic protein production.
- The pathway for synthesizing and secreting pancreatic enzymes follows ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
Comparison of Cell Types
- Mitochondrion is common to both plant and animal cells, providing essential energy production.
- Prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis, but lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria.
- Phagocytic white blood cells are ideal for studying lysosomes due to their role in digestion of foreign materials.
Cellular Structures and Their Functions
- Structures such as the nucleolus, lysosome, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus are correctly matched with their functions, except for microtubules, which are not directly involved in muscle contraction.
- Cyanide, a cellular poison, accumulates in the mitochondria due to its interference with ATP production.
Microscopy and Cell Observation
- The simplest form of life is a cell, which serves as the basis for all biological processes.
- For studying live chromosome movement during cell division, a light microscope is preferred due to its ability to visualize living specimens.
- Cell fractionation enables researchers to isolate organelles by disrupting cell structures.
Light Microscopy Limitations
- The average visible light wavelength is about 550 nanometers, limiting the resolution of fine structures, such as nuclear pore complexes (100 nanometers) which cannot be resolved by light microscopy.
Surface Area and Metabolic Activity
- Cells with larger surface areas relative to volume enhance their metabolic rates by allowing more efficient uptake of substances from their environment.
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Description
Enhance your understanding of key concepts in Biology Chapter 6 with these test flashcards. Each card focuses on important terms and definitions related to cellular structure and functions, including organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria.
