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Questions and Answers
Describe the functions of the skin.
Describe the functions of the skin.
Sense organ, barrier to water and UV radiation, begins process of vitamin D synthesis.
The hairs of the _____ enhance facial expression and keep sweat out of the eyes.
The hairs of the _____ enhance facial expression and keep sweat out of the eyes.
eyebrows
Describe a first degree burn.
Describe a first degree burn.
Produces redness, warmth and mild pain (only epidermis is involved).
Which degree of burns typically has blisters?
Which degree of burns typically has blisters?
Which body parts would be covered with thick skin?
Which body parts would be covered with thick skin?
Which cells produce the brown to black pigment found in skin?
Which cells produce the brown to black pigment found in skin?
Apocrine glands are concentrated in which areas of the body?
Apocrine glands are concentrated in which areas of the body?
Sweat glands that have a relatively narrow lumen and a duct that opens by way of a pore on the skin surface are called ____ sweat glands.
Sweat glands that have a relatively narrow lumen and a duct that opens by way of a pore on the skin surface are called ____ sweat glands.
What compound is the primary determinant of skin color?
What compound is the primary determinant of skin color?
Which type of sweat glands are the most abundant in the body, numbering 3 to 4 million in adult skin?
Which type of sweat glands are the most abundant in the body, numbering 3 to 4 million in adult skin?
Which term refers to the markings on the fingertips that leave distinctive oily fingerprints on surfaces we touch?
Which term refers to the markings on the fingertips that leave distinctive oily fingerprints on surfaces we touch?
Identify the components of the integumentary system.
Identify the components of the integumentary system.
Place the three kinds of hair in order from the thinnest hair to the thickest type of hair.
Place the three kinds of hair in order from the thinnest hair to the thickest type of hair.
What is the most abundant cell in the epidermis?
What is the most abundant cell in the epidermis?
Which hairs function as a shield to protect the eyes from windblown debris with a quick blink?
Which hairs function as a shield to protect the eyes from windblown debris with a quick blink?
What occurs in the stratum granulosum?
What occurs in the stratum granulosum?
What occurs in the stratum basale?
What occurs in the stratum basale?
What occurs in the stratum corneum?
What occurs in the stratum corneum?
What occurs in the stratum spinosum?
What occurs in the stratum spinosum?
What are dermal papillae?
What are dermal papillae?
What is the function of the ceruminous gland?
What is the function of the ceruminous gland?
Which two distinct layers make up the skin?
Which two distinct layers make up the skin?
What is the part of the hair that projects from the surface?
What is the part of the hair that projects from the surface?
Multiplying of keratinocytes can result in the formation of...
Multiplying of keratinocytes can result in the formation of...
What is found in the dermis?
What is found in the dermis?
What is cyanosis?
What is cyanosis?
Within the hair follicle, which root sheath is an extension of the epidermis and lies adjacent to the hair root?
Within the hair follicle, which root sheath is an extension of the epidermis and lies adjacent to the hair root?
What is lunule?
What is lunule?
Which type of hair includes scalp hair?
Which type of hair includes scalp hair?
Put the layers of a hair in order from outermost layer to innermost layer.
Put the layers of a hair in order from outermost layer to innermost layer.
What is the layer immediately beneath the skin called?
What is the layer immediately beneath the skin called?
Which epidermal layers contain dendritic cells?
Which epidermal layers contain dendritic cells?
The stratum basale contains...
The stratum basale contains...
Which skin cancer is least deadly because it seldom metastasizes?
Which skin cancer is least deadly because it seldom metastasizes?
What is also known as a bruise, is a mass of clotted blood showing through the skin?
What is also known as a bruise, is a mass of clotted blood showing through the skin?
Cutaneous nerve endings monitor the ____ of the body surface.
Cutaneous nerve endings monitor the ____ of the body surface.
What are elevated patches of skin that are harmless and sometimes regarded as beauty marks?
What are elevated patches of skin that are harmless and sometimes regarded as beauty marks?
Study Notes
Functions of the Skin
- Acts as a sense organ and provides a barrier against water and UV radiation.
- Initiates the process of vitamin D synthesis.
Eyebrows
- Enhance facial expression and keep sweat out of the eyes.
Burns
- First Degree Burn: Causes redness, warmth, and mild pain; only affects the epidermis.
- Second Degree Burn: Characterized by the presence of blisters.
Skin Composition
- Thick Skin Locations: Found on the soles, palms, and fingertips.
- Skin Color Determinant: Melanin is the primary pigment affecting skin color.
- Skin Cells: Keratinocytes are the most abundant cells in the epidermis.
Hair
- Types of Hair: Lanugo (thinnest), Vellus, and Terminal hair (thickest).
- Eyelashes protect the eyes from debris and are involved in quick blinking.
Glands
- Apocrine glands are concentrated in the groin, anal, axillary regions, and beard area in males.
- Merocrine glands are the most abundant with a count of 3 to 4 million in adult skin.
- Ceruminous glands protect the eardrum and prevent foreign particles from entering the canal.
Skin Structure
- Consists of two main layers: epidermis and dermis, along with associated structures such as hair and cutaneous glands.
Skin Layers and Their Functions
- Stratum Basale: Site of cell division (mitosis).
- Stratum Spinosum: Mitosis stops; keratinocytes move upward.
- Stratum Granulosum: Keratinocytes die, contributing to the formation of the outer layers.
- Stratum Corneum: Composed of dead keratinocytes that exfoliate.
- Dermal Papillae: Finger-like extensions of the dermis enhancing the connection with the epidermis.
Additional Skin Features
- Cyanosis: Indicates inadequate oxygen supply, appearing as bluish lips and nail beds.
- Lunule: White crescent shape overlying the thick nail matrix.
- Dermis Contains: Glands, nerve endings, fibers, and blood vessels.
- Hypodermis: Also known as the subcutaneous layer beneath the skin.
Skin Conditions and Marks
- Calluses or Corns: Result from multiplication of keratinocytes.
- Beauty Marks: Harmless elevated patches of skin.
- Hematoma: A localized mass of clotted blood showing through the skin.
Skin Cancer
- Basal cell carcinoma is the least deadly form of skin cancer as it rarely metastasizes.
Sensory Functions
- Cutaneous nerve endings are instrumental in monitoring the temperature of the body surface.
These notes encapsulate key concepts and facts related to the integumentary system for effective studying.
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Test your knowledge on the integumentary system with these flashcards. This quiz covers functions of the skin, the role of hair in facial expression, and the characteristics of first-degree burns. Perfect for biology students focusing on human anatomy.
