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Biology Chapter 6: Habitats and Niche
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Biology Chapter 6: Habitats and Niche

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the actual place an organism lives?

  • Habitat (correct)
  • Niche
  • Microhabitat
  • Microbiome
  • What is a small area within a larger habitat that supports a specific set of organisms?

  • Microbiome
  • Habitat
  • Niche
  • Microhabitat (correct)
  • What is the term for the variety of environmental conditions within which a species can survive and reproduce?

  • Microbiome
  • Tolerance (correct)
  • Habitat
  • Niche
  • What is the term that describes where an organism lives and what it does 'for a living'?

    <p>Niche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the microbial communities that inhabit places not typically considered habitats?

    <p>Microbiome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the physical aspects of a species' niche?

    <p>Abiotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the biological aspects of a species' niche?

    <p>Biotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the range of physical and biological conditions in which a species can survive and reproduce?

    <p>Niche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of direct competition between two species according to the competitive exclusion principle?

    <p>One species emerges as the winner, while the other species dies out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of competition on the species in a community?

    <p>It creates pressure for each species to specialize in obtaining and using resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a single species that has a powerful influence on community structure?

    <p>Keystone species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symbiosis is characterized by one organism living inside or on another organism and harming it?

    <p>Parasitism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the series of somewhat predictable events that occur in a community over time?

    <p>Ecological succession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of succession occurs when a disturbance affects an existing community but doesn’t completely destroy it?

    <p>Secondary succession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of each species altering its environment in ways that make it easier for other species to compete for resources and survive?

    <p>Ecological succession occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the first species to colonize barren areas?

    <p>Pioneer species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of predators on prey populations?

    <p>Predators affect where prey spend most of their time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the interdependent relationship between two species?

    <p>Symbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of trees in an ecosystem?

    <p>To provide shelter and food for animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of natural disturbances in healthy ecosystems?

    <p>The events and processes that occur during secondary succession often reproduce the original climax community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between succession after natural disturbances and succession after human-caused disturbances?

    <p>The outcome of succession, which may or may not resemble the original climax community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do ecologists study to understand patterns of succession?

    <p>Comparing different cases and looking for similarities and differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of biodiversity refers to the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the biosphere?

    <p>Ecosystem diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is genetic diversity?

    <p>The total of all different forms of genes present in a particular species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the benefits of biodiversity in medicine?

    <p>Many medicines were first discovered in wild species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of wild relatives in agriculture?

    <p>To carry genes that promote disease resistance, pest resistance, or other useful traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ecosystem resilience?

    <p>The ability of an ecosystem to recover after a disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the ecosystem services provided by diverse ecosystems?

    <p>Purifying water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Habitat and Niche

    • Habitat: the actual place an organism lives, characterized by a specific combination of physical and biological environmental factors.
    • Microhabitats: small areas within a larger habitat that support specific microorganisms.
    • Microbiomes: microbial communities that inhabit unique environments and perform essential functions.
    • Tolerance: the range of environmental conditions within which a species can survive and reproduce.
    • Niche: describes where an organism lives and what it does, including its interactions with biotic and abiotic factors.
    • Niche includes the physical and biological conditions necessary for survival and reproduction, as well as the resources it needs.

    Resources

    • Necessity of life: resources are essential for an organism's survival and reproduction.
    • Physical aspects: abiotic factors such as light, temperature, and water that affect an organism's niche.
    • Biological aspects: biotic factors such as food, predators, and competitors that influence an organism's niche.

    Competition

    • Competitive exclusion principle: direct competition between species often results in a winner and a loser, with the losing species dying out.
    • Dividing resources: competition leads to specialization in resource acquisition and use, shaping the number and kinds of species in a community.

    Predation and Herbivory

    • Predator-prey relationships: predators can affect prey populations, influencing their behavior and distribution.
    • Herbivore-plant relationships: herbivores impact plant populations, determining their size, distribution, and growth.

    Keystone Species

    • Keystone species: a single species with a significant influence on community structure, capable of altering the entire ecosystem.

    Symbioses

    • Interdependent relationships between two species: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
    • Commensalism: one species benefits, while the other is unaffected.
    • Mutualism: both species benefit.
    • Parasitism: one species benefits, while the other is harmed.

    Succession

    • Primary and secondary succession: ecological succession, a series of events that occur in a community over time.
    • Primary succession: begins on newly formed rock or areas without remnants of an older community.
    • Secondary succession: occurs when a disturbance affects an existing community but doesn't completely destroy it.
    • Pioneer species: the first species to colonize barren areas.
    • Why succession happens: each species alters its environment, making it easier for other species to compete and survive.

    Climax Communities

    • Succession after natural disturbances: can reproduce the original climax community.
    • Succession after human-caused disturbances: may produce a different community.
    • Studying patterns of succession: ecologists compare cases to identify similarities and differences.

    Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Resilience

    • Types of biodiversity: community/ecosystem biodiversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity.
    • Biodiversity benefits: contributes to medicine, agriculture, and ecosystem resilience.
    • Biodiversity and medicine: many medicines were first discovered in wild species.
    • Biodiversity and agriculture: wild relatives of crop plants may carry genes for disease resistance or other useful traits.
    • Biodiversity and ecosystem resilience: affects ecosystem structure, stability, and function.

    Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity

    • Ecosystem services: benefits provided by ecosystems to humans, including food production, nutrient cycling, water purification, carbon storage, pest regulation, and pollination.
    • Food production: diverse ecosystems provide resilient food sources.
    • Nutrient cycling and soil structure: soil microbiomes maintain soil fertility and structure.
    • Water purification: soil microbiomes, algae, and plants filter and purify fresh water.
    • Carbon storage: healthy ecosystems remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it.
    • Pest regulation: biologically diverse ecosystems include predators that feed on herbivores.
    • Pollination: diverse ecosystems offer food and shelter to vital pollinators.
    • Buffering effects of extreme weather events: diverse ecosystems protect against erosion and storms.

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    Description

    Understand the basics of habitats, niches, and species interactions in this biology quiz. Learn about the characteristics of a habitat and how it affects the organisms living in it.

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