Biology Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell

A process that utilizes an electron beam to produce an image of the three-dimensional surface of biological samples.

A technique where electrons penetrate an ultrathin section of tissue to strike a photographic plate.

<p>A technique in which cells are broken into pieces and the different cell parts are separated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus that condense to form chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organelle that contains the DNA and controls the processes of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized, and partially assembled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, stores calcium, detoxifies drugs and poisons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The powerhouse of the cell, organelles that are the site of ATP production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structures in the cells of plants that capture energy from sunlight to produce food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory that mitochondria and plastids originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flattened membrane sacs inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stacked portions of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelles that contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify harmful chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins that interact with cytoskeletal elements and produce movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hollow tubes of protein about 25 nanometers in diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thinner, solid rods of protein that enable cell movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filaments that range from 7-11nm in diameter and help maintain cell shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A globular protein that links into chains to form microfilaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A globular protein subunit forming the hollow cylinder of microtubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells important during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short, hair-like structures made of microtubules that enable movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structure resembling a centriole that produces a cilium or flagellum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A contractile protein connecting microtubules in cilia and flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular extensions of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A circular flow of cytoplasm that speeds the distribution of materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong supporting layer of cellulose or chitin around the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thin layer of adhesive extracellular material found between adjacent plant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A relatively thin and flexible cell wall that is first secreted by a plant cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Added between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall for protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycoproteins consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A glycoprotein that helps animal cells attach to the extracellular matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmembrane receptor proteins that interconnect the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open channels in the cell wall of plants for cytosol connection between adjacent cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membranes of neighboring cells pressed together to prevent leakage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialized junctions that hold adjacent cells together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins that function in the cytosol or in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins that function within the endomembrane system or are destined for secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first amino acids act as a signal sequence, binding the ribosome to the ER membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, storage of calcium, detoxifies drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen peroxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the cell shrinks when placed in a hypertonic solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the cell bursts when placed in a hypotonic solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stores compounds produced by the cell and creates internal pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia and flagella only</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It will be on the cytoplasmic side of the ER.</p> Signup and view all the answers